100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Intro To Cancer Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and Answers $12.49   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. C ANCER
  4.  
  5. C ANCER

Exam (elaborations)

Intro To Cancer Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and Answers
 7 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • C ANCER
  • Institution
  • C ANCER

Who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1989? Why? - Answer-J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes DNA transfection - Answer-cells are morphologically and malignantly transformed Activation of proto-oncogenes - A...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 8  pages

Document information

  • October 18, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • intro to cancer exam 2 study guide questions and a
  • who won the nobel prize for physiology or medicine

Written for

  • C ANCER
  • C ANCER

Seller

avatar-seller
lectknancy

Reviews received

Content preview

Intro To Cancer Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1989? Why? - Answer-J.
Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus for their discovery of the cellular origin of
retroviral oncogenes

DNA transfection - Answer-cells are morphologically and malignantly transformed

Activation of proto-oncogenes - Answer-Various mechanisms to follow:

ras proto-oncogene - Answer--point mutation
-amplification, increase in copy number

MYC proto-oncogene - Answer--viral insertion
-DNA amplification, increase in gene copy number
-chromosome translocation

HER-2/erbB2/ neu proto-oncogene - Answer--amplification, increase in copy number
-truncated receptor binding region

Point mutations activating the RAS proto-oncogene - Answer-Mutation "hotspots":
amino acids 12 and 61

RAS point mutations common in different human tumors - Answer--Pancreas: 90%
-Colorectal: 45%
-Thyroid: 60%
-Lung: 35%

Point Mutation Activation of the RAS P21 protein - Answer-Involves:
-GTP
-Gly 12
- gamma PO4
-Gln 61

Activation of proto-oncogene C-MYC by viral insertion - Answer--RSV (LTR gag pol env
src LTR) - transforms by carrying the src oncogene
-ALV (LTR gag pol env LTR) trnasforms but does not carry an oncogene. How does it
transform?

ALV transformation - Answer--no viral dna, no transcription
-viral DNA inserted into call DNA near the c-myc gene allows transcription leading to
leukemia

, Activation of Proto-oncogene C-MYC by amplification of gene copy number - Answer-
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or c-myc probe to chromosomes of
neuroblastoma cell showing increase copy number on chromosome 8

Activation of proto-oncogene C-MYC by chromosome translocation - Answer-
translocation of genes can activate c-myc

Proto-oncogenes are activated by amplification of gene copy number - Answer-
Oncogenes:
-H-ras 11p15 colorectal cancer
-erbB-2 17q11 breast cancer
-CCND1(cyclinD1) 11q13 breast, head and neck, esophogeal
-mdm2 extrachromosomal, double minutes
Nucleotide Repeats: unstable numbers of microsatellites repreats
-e.g. HNPCC defrects in repair genes: hMSH2, hMLH2, hPMS1, hPMS2
Copy NUmber Variation (CNV)

Proto-oncogene HER-2 can be activated by - Answer--amplication of gene copy number
e.g. mroe DNA copies or more RNA by transcription or stability

Activation of growth factor receptors - Answer--by truncation
-NORMALLY: binding of growth factor on outside of cell triggers intracellular signal
emissions
-CANCER CELLS: truncated receptor emits signals even in the absence of ligand
binding

Truncation of extracellular domain of HER-2 can lead to - Answer-resistance to
herceptin because the herceptin antibody cannot find the extracellular domain of the
HER-2 protein

Proto-oncogene C-ABL can be activated by - Answer-chromosome translocation in CML
-in chromosomes 9 , 22

cellular oncogenes - Answer-pieces of DNA that, when activated by mutations or by
dislocation, can cause a normal cell to become malignant

Proto-oncogenes - Answer-the corresponding normal cellular genes that are
responsible for normal cell growth and division

proto-oncogene to oncogene - Answer-Somatically acquired mutations
"Dominant gene" mutation
Proto-oncogene when highly expressed, can also become an oncogene via
transcriptional amplification.
Three ways
1. Translocation to new locus: Excess protein
2. Gene amplification : Excess protein

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lectknancy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart