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Exam 1 Breast and Prostate Cancer Learning Objectives Questions and Answers
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State the American Cancer Association's guidelines for breast cancer screening - Answer-age 45+; 45-54 screened annually; 55+ screened biennial; continue screening if overall health is good Identify risk factors for breast cancer - Answer-50+; alcohol use; benign breast disease with atypical epi...

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  • October 18, 2024
  • 3
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • exam 1 breast and prostate cancer learning objecti
  • state the american cancer associations guidelines

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Exam 1 Breast and Prostate Cancer
Learning Objectives Questions and
Answers
State the American Cancer Association's guidelines for breast cancer screening -
Answer-age 45+; 45-54 screened annually; 55+ screened biennial; continue screening if
overall health is good

Identify risk factors for breast cancer - Answer-50+; alcohol use; benign breast disease
with atypical epithelial hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ; early menarche, late
menopause; exposure to ionizing radiation; family history; female; first full-term
pregnancy after age 30, nulliparity, no breastfeeding; genetic factors; hormone use;
long-term heavy smoking; personal history of breast, colon, endometrial, or ovarian
cancer; physical inactivity; weight gain and obesity after menopause

Describe the pathophysiology of breast cancer - Answer-arises from epithelial lining of
lobules (milk-producing glands) or ducts (passages that connect lobules to nipple); may
be in situ (within duct) or invasive (invading through wall of duct)

Describe the types of breast cancer - Answer-noninvasive breast cancer (ductal
carcinoma in situ & pure paget's disease), invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular
carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, paget's disease, phyllodes tumor, triple-
negative breast cancer

Invasive ductal carcinoma - Answer-most common; starts in milk ducts, then breaks
through walls of duct, invading surrounding tissue; may metastasize to other parts of the
body

Invasive lobular carcinoma - Answer-begins in lobules of breast; may break out of lobule
and metastasize to other areas of the body

Inflammatory breast cancer - Answer-aggressive and fast-growing with high risk for
metastsis; cancer cells block lymph channels in skin of breast preventing use of
antibiotics

Paget's disease - Answer-starts in breast ducts and spreads to nipple and areola;
typically associated with underlying ductal carcinoma

Phyllodes tumor - Answer-develops in connective tissue of breast; most are benign

Triple-negative breast cancer - Answer-tests negative to estrogen, progesterone and
HER-2 receptors

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