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Brock Biology of Microorganisms Chapter 2 Exam Study Guide.
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Brock Biology of Microorganisms Chapter 2 Exam Study Guide. Morphology - answercell shape coccus - answerspherical or ovoid shape bacillus - answerrod or cylindrical shape spirillum - answercurved or spiral shape spirochetes - answertightly coiled shape, appendaged bacteria, and filamentous b...

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  • October 18, 2024
  • 6
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • brock biology of microorganisms chapter 2 exam stu

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©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM


Brock Biology of Microorganisms Chapter 2
Exam Study Guide.


Morphology - answer✔cell shape

coccus - answer✔spherical or ovoid shape

bacillus - answer✔rod or cylindrical shape

spirillum - answer✔curved or spiral shape

spirochetes - answer✔tightly coiled shape, appendaged bacteria, and filamentous bacteria
(includes budding bacteria)

size range for most prokaryotes - answer✔-0.2-->700 micrometers in diameter
-largest is Thiomargarita namibiensis

size range for eukaryotes - answer✔-2->>600 micrometers in diameter

advantages to being small - answer✔-larger surface area to cell volume ratio
-grow faster
-evolve faster

ultramicrobacteria - answer✔bacteria between 0.2-0.4 micrometers in diameter with highly
streamlined genomes

bacterial cytoplasmic membrane - answer✔-membrane that is more like a matrix instead of a
completely fixed structure (very fluid/dynamic)
-have phospholipid bilayer w/proteins

hopanoids - answer✔sterol-like molecules that help strengthen some bacterial cell walls

archaeal membranes - answer✔-have ether linkages in phospholipids of archaea (in contrast to
ester links)

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM

-lipids have isoprenes, not fatty acids
-some only have monolayer if lipids (not bilayer, especially in thermophilic)

bacterial cell walls - answer✔-these walls have peptidoglycan

mycoplasms - answer✔pathogenic bacteria related to gram-positive bacteria, but do not have cell
walls

thermoplasmas - answer✔archaea that do not have cell walls

archaeal cell walls - answer✔-these walls do not have peptidoglycan
-many, but not all, have pseudomurein

pseudomurein - answer✔substance found in cell walls of certain methanogenic archaea;
polysaccharide similar to peptidoglycan
-penicillin and lysozyme would not work on these

capsules and slime layers - answer✔-assist in surface attachment
-develop and maintain biofilms
-protect against phagocytosis
-prevent dehydration/dessication

fimbriae and pili - answer✔-filamentous protein structures
-help organisms stick to surfaces or form pellicles

hamus/hami - answer✔-archaeal "grappling hooks" help surface attachment, forming biofilms
-resemble pili except for barbed terminus

cell inclusions - answer✔not a true organelle, but help cells save materials for later if able
-energy reserves
-carbon reserves
-enclosed by thin membrane
-reduce osmotic stress

gas vesicles - answer✔-confer buoyancy in planktonic cells
-conical-shaped, gas-filled structures made of protein

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