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Summary Learning goals case 10
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Whole case complete! Also exam questions are mentioned in the case. Thereby, also added notes during the turtorial written in red. I scored an 8 for this course.
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Learninggoals case 101. What diseases are caused by a sedentary lifestyle?
Risk factors sedentary lifestyle:
- Physical inactivity may increase the risks of certain cancers.
- Physical inactivity may contribute to anxiety and depression.
- Physical inactivity has been shown to be a risk factor for certain cardiovascular
diseases.
- People who engage in more physical activity are less likely to develop coronary heart
disease.
- People who are more active are less likely to be overweight or obese.
- Sitting too much may cause a decrease in skeletal muscle mass.
- Physical inactivity is linked to high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels.
Risk factors coronary heart disease (CHD)
Cannot be controlled
- Heredity
- Race
- Male sex
- Advanced age
Primary risk factors that can be controlled
- Tobacco smoke
- Hypertension
- Abnormal blood lipids and lipoproteins
High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
Responsible for depositing cholesterol in the arterial wall
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
Scavenger that removes cholesterol from the arterial wall and transports it
to the liver to be metabolized
Place a person at extremely high risk of having a heart attack at young age
under 60.
Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) is becoming increasingly
implicated as a risk factor
Only looking at cholesterol levels is not enough, it is the combination with
the levels LDL and HDL which determines someone’s risk.
The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C may be the best blood lipid index of
risk for CHD. Values of 3.0 or less place a person at low risk, but values of 5.0
or greater place a person at high risk.
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity and overweight
- Diabetes and insulin resistance
, Risk factors hypertension
Systolic pressure above 140 mmHg or diastolic 90 mmHg
Cannot be controlled
- Heredity
Plays a much smaller role than many of the other factors, lifestyle factors are often
quite similar within a family.
- Sex
- Advanced age
- Race (increased risk for people of African or Hispanic ancestry)
Primary risk factors that can be controlled
- Insulin resistance
- Obesity and overweight
- Diet (sodium and alcohol)
- Use of tobacco products
- Use of oral contraceptives (anticonceptie in de vorm van de pil)
- Stress
- Physical inactivity
Stroke
Two types of strokes (hemorrhagis)
Heart failure
- Systolic failure heart does not pump heart enough, lower ejection fraction
- Diastolic failure heart does not relax enough
Excessive weight and obesity and health problems:
- Coronary heart disease
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Type 2 diabetes
- Certain types of cancer - endometrial, breast, and colon
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