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FNP Leik System Review questions with answers
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FNP Leik System Review questions withanswers
Chapter |4 |(Preventive |Health) |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |
Sensitivity |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |(SNOUT) |Negative |results |rules |out |the |disease.
|Sensitivity |test |are |good |at |identifying |the |positive |markers |of |disease. |So |good |that
|it |is |more |prone |to |report |false |positives. |So |a |negative |result |is |more |definitive
Specificity |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |(SPIN) |Positive |results |rules |in |the |disease. |Specificity
|tests |are |good |at |identifying |the |negative |marker |of |a |disease. |So |good |that |is |more
|prone |to |report |false |negatives. |So |a |positive |result |is |more |definitive.
Primary |Prevention |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Prevent |the |disease |in |its |entirety. |Examples
|include |healthy |diet, |exercise, |safety |(helmets/seatbelts), |immunizations, |and |job
|safety
Secondary |Prevention |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Early |detection |of |a |disease. |Examples |include
|screening |tests
Tertiary |Prevention |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Rehabilitation |of |a |disease. |Examples |include
|support |groups, |education |for |pts |with |pre-existing |disease, |drug |side |effect |safety,
|medical |equipment |safety, |any |type |of |rehab |like |PT |or |OT
Breast |Cancer |Screening |Guidelines |(USPSTF) |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Onset |= |50yo.
|Biannual. |Stop |at |age |74yo. |No |SBE.
Breast |Cancer |Screening |Guidelines |(ACA) |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Onset |= |40yo. |Annual. |No
|stop |age.
Cervical |cancer |screening |guidelines |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Onset=21yo
|(immunocompromised |individuals |start |at |onset |of |sexual |activity). |Every |3 |years
,|Pap |w/ |no |HPV |test |until |30yo. |Pap |and |HPV |test |after |30 |yo |and |can |begin
|screening |every |5 |years. |Stop |at |age |65yo. |Complete |hysterectomy |means |no |Pap
|unless |pt |has |history |of |cervical |cancer |or |high |grade |lesion.
Colorectal |cancer |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Onset |50yo. |1) |colonoscopy |q |10 |years |if |wnl, |2)
|sigmoidoscopy |q |5 |years |if |wnl, |3) |annual |FOBT |with |3 |stool |samples. |Stop |age |75
|yo.
Prostate |cancer |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |USPSTF |does |not |recommend |screening |with |PSA
|but |it |based |on |individual |pt.
Lipid |screening |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Onset |18-35/45yo |screen |if |at |increased |risk |of
|heart |disease. |Males |>35yo |and |Females |>45yo
Flu |vaccine |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |LAIV |- |Live |virus |can |only |be |given |to |healthy |non-
pregnant |2 |-49 |yo |w/o |recent |hx |of |asthma |(Peds). |Cautioned |or |C/I |in |pts |with
|egg, |gentamicin |or |gelatin |allergy |and |kids |receiving |aspirin |therapy |(Reye's
|syndrome). |TIV |(trivalent |inactivated |vaccine) |is |approved |for |>6months.
Tetanus |vaccine |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Q |10 |years. |Booster |for |dirty |wounds |if |last
|TDAP/Td |is |> |5 |years |old. |>7yo |receive |Td/TDAP. |Avoid |in |egg |allergy |and |Gullian
|Barre. |5 |doses |of |DTAP |aka |Pediarix |(2,4,6,15 |months |and |5 |yo) |First |TDAP |is |at
|age |11-12yo. |Td |is |the |booster |every |10 |years |or |if |someone |has |never |had |TDAP
|(came |out |in |2005) |then |they |should |have |a |one |time |dose |of |TDAP |and |then
|continue |with |Td |boosters.
Pneumococcal |vaccine |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |PCV |23 |given |one |time |at |age |65 |yo |in
|healthy |adults |and |for |persons |who |are |2 |years |and |older |and |at |high |risk |for
|pneumococcal |disease |(e.g., |those |with |sickle |cell |disease, |HIV |infection, |or |other
|immunocompromising |conditions). |PPSV23 |is |also |recommended |for |use |in |adults
|19 |through |64 |years |of |age |who |smoke |cigarettes |or |who |have |asthma. |One |time
|booster |given |5 |years |after |first |dose |(So |non-healthy |pts |will |receive |2 |doses |of
|PSV23 |over |their |lifetime). |PCV |13 |is |for |<5 |yo. |When |both |PCV13 |and |PPSV23 |are
|indicated, |PCV13 |should |be |administered |first; |PCV13 |and |PPSV23 |should |not |be
|administered |during |the |same |visit. |When |indicated, |PCV13 |and |PPSV23 |should |be
|administered |to |adults |whose |pneumococcal |vaccination |history |is |incomplete |or
|unknown.
,Varicella |Vaccine |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |60 |yo. |May |be |given |to |pts |who |have |previously
|had |shingles. |May |be |given |earlier |at |age |50yo. |Live |virus |so |c/I |include |pregnancy
|and |immunocompromised.
Chapter |5 |(EENT) |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |
Herpes |Keratitis |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Inflammation |of |the |cornea. |C/O |abrupt |severe |eye
|pain, |photophobia |and |blurred |vision. |Diagnose |with |fluorescein |dye |and |black
|lamp. |Look |for |fernlike |lines |(corneal |abrasions |appear |more |linear). |Infection
|permanently |damages |corneal |epithelium |which |may |result |in |blindness.
Acute |angle |closure |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Glaucoma |(Increased |ICP |r/t |blocked |drainage
|duct). |Elderly |pt |c/o |abrupt |onset |of |severe |eye |pain, |HA, |N/V, |halos |around |eyes,
|and |decreased |vision. |Exam |reveals |mid-dilated |pupil |that |is |oval |shaped, |cloudy
|cornea, |and |fundoscopic |exam |shows |cupping |of |the |optic |nerve. |Tx |= |keep |pt
|supine, |trx |to |ED |for |acetazolamide, |B |blockers, |and |topical |steroids. |Sx |may |be
|required
Cholesteatoma |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Cauliflower |like |growth |in |the |middle |ear. |Pt |c/o |foul
|smelling |discharge |and |hearing |loss. |On |exam, |no |TM |or |ossicles |visible. |PMhx |of
|chronic |OM. |The |mass |is |not |cancerous |but |it |can |erode |in |to |the |bones |of |the |face
|and |damage |CN7. |Tx |= |ENT |referral |for |sx, |abx. |Mass |is |usually |made |of |epithelium
|and |cholesterol. |AKA |pearl |tumor.
Battle's |sign |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Bruise |behind |the |ear |over |the |mastoid |process. |Hx |of
|trauma, |and |indicates |a |fracture |of |the |basilar |skull. |Golden |serous |discharge |from
|ear |or |nose. |Refer |to |ED |for |abx |and |imaging |(CSF |will |be |+ |for |glucose. |Mucous
|will |be |- |for |glucose).
Cavernous |sinus |thrombosis |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Blood |clot |in |w/I |cavernous |sinus. |This
|cavity |houses |internal |carotid |artery |and |CN |III, |IV, |V |and |VI). |PmHx |of |sinus |or
|facial |infection. |Pt |c/o |severe |HA, |high |fever, |decreased |LOC, |unilateral |periorbital
|edema, |photophobia, |proptosis |and |inability |to |move |eye |appropriately.
Peritonsillar |abcess |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Pt |c/o |severe |sore |throat, |difficult |and |painful
|swallowing |(odonophagia) |and |LOCKJAW |(trimus), |and |a |hot |potato |voice. |Unilateral
, |swelling |peritonsillar |area |and |soft |palate |with |displaced |uvula. |Tx |= |I&D |in |ED |or
|needle |aspiration
Diptheria |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Bull |neck, |dysphagia, |and |gray/yellow |psuedomembrane
|that |is |not |to |displace |(stuff |is |like |concrete) |and |may |obstruct |airway
Geographic |tongue |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Benign |finding
Torus |Palatinus |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Painless |bony |protuberance |on |hard |palate |that |is
|benign
Fishtail |uvula |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Split |uvula |is |usually |benign |(rarely |a |sign |of |cleft
|palate)
Nystagmus |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Vertical |nystagmus |is |always |abnormal. |Horizontal
|nystagmus |that |occurs |on |prolonged |lateral |gaze |and |resolves |when |eye |moves
|toward |midline |is |benign
Papilledema |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Optic |disc |swollen |w |blurred |edges |r/t |increased |ICP
|(most |commonly |from |bleeding, |brain |tumor, |abscess |or |pseudo |tumor |cerebri).
HTN |Retinopathy |includes |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |result |from |damage |and |adaptive |changes
|in |the |arterial |and |arteriolar |circulation |in |response |to |the |high |blood |pressure
|such |as |Copper/silver |arterioles, |av |nicking, |blot/flame |hemorrhages, |cotton |wool
|spots, |hard |exudates |and |papilledema
Copper/silver |arterioles |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Indicates |sclerosis |and |hyalinization |of |the
|arterioles. |Silver |is |worse |than |copper.
Diabetic |Retinopathy |- |ANSWERS✔✔ |Microaneurysms |caused |by |new |fragile |arteries
|in |the |retina. |Examples |see |cotton |wool |spots, |flame |hemorrhages |and |dot-blot
|hemorrhages.
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