AAA manifestations - answer✔complaint of heart beating in abdomen when lying down
abdominal mass or abdominal throbbing
cyanosis and mottling of toes
AAA - signs of impending rupture - answer✔severe back or abdominal pain
- localized pain in middle or lower abdomen
- intense back pain
falling BP
decreasing hematocrit
diagnostics for AAA - answer✔pulsatile mass in middle and upper abdomen
ultrasound
CTA
management of AAA - answer✔pharmacologic:
- manage hypertension
endovascular/surgical:
- open surgical repair
- endovascular grafting
manifestations of pulmonary edema - answer✔anxiety
inability to sleep
persistent cough
- pink, frothy sputum
tachypnea
hypoxemia
cyanosis
crackles
health promotion - pulmonary edema - answer✔physical activity
low sodium
refrain from tobacco
nursing care for pulmonary edema - answer✔high Fowler's
- feet and legs dependent or sitting on side of bed
high flow O2
monitor vitals every 15 minutes
monitor I&Os
check ABGs, electrolytes, SaO2
maintain airway
restrict fluid intake
monitor hourly urine output
decompensated heart failure - answer✔failing myocardium is no longer able to propel sufficient
blood to meet the needs of the body, even at rest
central venous pressure (CVP) - answer✔measurement of the pressure in vena cava or right
atrium
reflects the filing pressure of the right ventricle
normal range is 2-6
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