NURS 307 - Midterm - Genetics, Cancer and Altered
Glucose Regulation Questions With Complete Solutions
Abiraterone CYP17 inhibitor Correct Answer - used in
metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer
- last form of treatment
- inhibits androgen production by adrenal glands and prostage
- sodium retention, loss of K, fluid retention, edema, HTN,
hypokalemia, hepatotoxicity
Acute leukaemia Correct Answer - patient presents with
pantocytopenia
- symptoms of anemia, infections and bleeding
- if untreated 6-12 wks till death
- blood smear looking for immature WBCs (blast cells) and
WBCs can be high, normal or low depending on symptoms
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Correct Answer - can be
B or T cell
- cells cannot differentiate
- patients present wit low RBCs, Plts, enlargement of the liver,
low neutrophils, and WBCs high or low
Acute mylogenous leukemia (AML) Correct Answer -
proliferation of bast cells that cannot differentiate
- patient presents with high WBCs, low RBCs, low neutrophils
and Plts
- disrupts retinoic acid receptor
,Adaptations Correct Answer Reversible changes in the number,
size, phenotype, metabolic activity or functions of cells in
response to changes in their environment
Adenocarcinoma Correct Answer Cancer from glandular
epithelial tissue
Adenomas Correct Answer Benign tumours arising from
glandular epithelial tissue
Anastrozole Correct Answer - causes musculoskeletal pain,
headaches, and menopausal symptoms. Nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea, hypertension, peripheral edema
,Androgen deprivation therapy Correct Answer - commonly
used in prostate cancer
- time limited because the tumour can become resistant to these
drugs
Androgen receptor blockers Correct Answer - only indicated
for advanced androgen sensitive prostate cancer in combination
with GnRH agonist
- flutamide
Aneuploidy Correct Answer the presence of an abnormal
number of chromosomes in a cell
Angiogenesis inhibitors Correct Answer - suppress formation if
new blood vessel and deprive solid tumours of expanding their
blood supply for continued growth
- does not kill cancer cells
Anthracyclines Correct Answer - severe bone marrow
depression and heart damage
- doxorubicin, daunorubicin
Anti-estrogens Correct Answer - block estrogen receptors and
only work against cells that are ER+
- tamoxifen
Anti-tumour Antibiotics (CCNS) Correct Answer - cytotoxic
drugs isolated from bacteria
- used only to treat cancer
- anthracyclines
- non-anthracyclines
Apoptosis Correct Answer - cellular condensation
- membranes remain intact
- requires ATP
- cell is phagocytoses, no tissue reaction
- ladder like DNA fragmentation
- no inflammation
- programmed cell death promoted by a genetic signal or to
replace old cells with new cells
Aromatase inhibitors + monoclonal antibodies Correct Answer
- treats ER+ cancers in POSTMENOPAUSAL women
- may cause a rise in estradiol in premenopausal women
- anatrozole, trastuzumab,
Aspart (novolog) Correct Answer - onset 15-30 mins
- SC or insulin pump
- 5-10 mins before meals
Atrophy Correct Answer Decrease in the size and function of a
cell
Autosomal dominant Correct Answer - vertical pattern
- male and female equally likely to be affected
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