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USABO EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100- COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
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USABO EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONSWITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
insterstitial fluid - correct answer-fluid located between cells and among tissues
cuboidal epithelium - correct answer-cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, and are
located in various endocrine glands
simple columnar epithelium - correct answer-lines intestines, secretes digestive juices and absorbs
nutrients, one cell thick
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium - correct answer-forms a mucous membrane in portions of
the respiratory tract; contains cilia that move the film of mucous
stratified squamous epithelium - correct answer-regenerates cells rapidly at the basal lamina, located in
areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin, linings of esophagus)
simple squamous epithelium - correct answer-thin and leaky, located at sites of diffusion (alveoli and
blood vessels)
basal lamina - correct answer-a mat of extracellular matrix that separates an organ from epithelial tissue
lumen - correct answer-cavity, external area around organ
loose connective tissue - correct answer-connects organs/tissues to epithelium
cartilage - correct answer-connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and more flexible than bone
chondroitin sulfate - correct answer-a rubbery matrix made of a protein-carbohydrate complex located
in cartilage
,chondrocytes - correct answer-cells in cartilage that secrete collagen chondroitin sulfate
fibrous connective tissue - correct answer-includes tendons and ligaments, made of fibers in parallel
bundles, which maximize non-elastic strength
adipose tissue - correct answer-tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions the body, holds fat in
adipose cells which contain fat droplets that can grow and shrink
bone - correct answer-mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of bone with which calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to form a mineral
osteoblasts - correct answer-secretes matrix of collagen in bone
osteons - correct answer-repeating units inside bone, contain concentric layers of mineralized collagen
wrapped around blood vessels and nerves
fibroblasts - correct answer-cells of connective tissue that secrete the protein ingredients
macrophages - correct answer-engulf foreign particles and debris through phagocytosis
collagenous fibers - correct answer-made of collagen, nonelastic and do not tear easily
reticular fibers - correct answer-made of collagen, joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues, continuous
with collagenous fibers
elastic fibers - correct answer-made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce back to original shape
sarcomeres - correct answer-repeating units in muscles
,glial cells or glia - correct answer-located in nervous tissue; nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons
regulator - correct answer-manages internal conditions to combat changes caused by external
conditions
conformer - correct answer-allows internal conditions to conform to external conditions
normal range (of a variable - homeostasis) - correct answer-range for which action is taken to maintain
homeostasis
acclimatization - correct answer-when an animal changes certain aspects of its metabolism, behavior,
etc. to temporarily conform to changing external conditions
endothermic (animal) - correct answer-maintain the temperature inside the body through their internal
metabolism
ectothermic (animal) - correct answer-gain their heat from external sources, do not perform internal
mechanisms to maintain temperature
poikilotherm - correct answer-animal whose body temperature varies with its environment
homeotherm - correct answer-animal whose body temperature does not vary with its environment
radiation - correct answer-emission of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves
evaporation - correct answer-removal of heat along with liquid being turned into gas
convection - correct answer-transfer of hear by the movement of air or liquid past a surface
conduction - correct answer-the direct transfer of heat between objects in direct contact
, vasodilation - correct answer-increasing the diameter of blood vessels as to bring it closer to the surface
of the body and warm it
vasoconstriction - correct answer-decreasing the diameter of blood vessels as to take it farther away
from the surface of the body and cool it
countercurrent exchange - correct answer-the flow of adjacent fluids in opposing directions that
maximizes transfer rates of heat or solutes
thermogenesis - correct answer-heat production
non-shivering thermogenesis - correct answer-heat production without moving
brown fat - correct answer-tissue specialized for heat production
hypothalamus - correct answer-part of the brain that acts like a thermostat for the body, controlling the
internal mechanisms that control internal temperature
bio-energetics - correct answer-the overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal
metabolic rate - correct answer-the sum of all the energy-requiring biochemical reactions over a given
time interval
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - correct answer-in an endotherm, the minimum metabolic rate at rest with
an empty stomach without any stress
standard metabolic rate (SMR) - correct answer-in an ectotherm, the minimum metabolic rate when
resting, nonstressed, and fasting
torpor - correct answer-a physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
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