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WMAN 300 Exam 1 questions with correct answers graded A+
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WMAN 300 Exam 1 questions with correct answers graded A+
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WMAN 300 Exam 1 questions withcorrect answers graded A+
What is the hypothetico-deductive model? - correct answer ✔✔When answering a question, scientists
should formulate several hypotheses to provide possible explanations, then derive predictions for each
hypotheses
According to the hypothetico-deductive model, what happens when predictions are correct? What
happens when predictions are incorrect? - correct answer ✔✔Correct: evidence supports, but does not
prove, hypothesis
Incorrect: one/more of the premises must be incorrect
What are the 4 steps in the Strong Inference model? - correct answer ✔✔1. Develop multiple
hypotheses
2. Deduce predictions and experiments to test each hypotheses
3. Obtain results from experimentation
4. Repeat procedures to eliminate other hypotheses
What is inductive reasoning? - correct answer ✔✔Forming general conclusions based on multiple
observations of phenomena
"Each of thousands of ravens observed were black so all ravens must be black" is an example of which
type of reasoning? - correct answer ✔✔Inductive
What is Retroductive reasoning? - correct answer ✔✔Developing an explanation for an event that has
already happened and treating it as if it were fact.
"All eggs in a northern bobwhite nest disappeared overnight without a trace. A snake must be the one
which ate them" is an example of which type of reasoning? - correct answer ✔✔Retroductive
, What is deductive reasoning? - correct answer ✔✔Deriving a conclusion based on a set of general or
universal premises known to be true. Follows a logical progression
"All animals are mortal; northern bobwhite are animals; therefore, all northern bobwhites are mortal" is
an example of what type of reasoning? - correct answer ✔✔Deductive
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning is always formatted as what kind of statement? - correct answer
✔✔If... then... (like a hypothesis)
Rank the following in terms of inference space and certainty of conclusion: laboratory experiments,
natural experiment, replicated field experiment - correct answer ✔✔Laboratory experiment: small
inference space, large certainty of conclusion
Natural experiment: large inference space, small certainty of conclusion
Replicated field experiment: medium inference space, high level of certainty
According to Chapter 8 of Morrison et. al., there are 12 steps to the scientific method. List them. -
correct answer ✔✔1. Questions
2. Hypothesis and Predictions
3. Design and Research
4. Choices of Variables
5. Choice of Recording Methods
6. Establishing Acceptable Level of Precision
7. Preliminary Data Collection (literature review)
8. Quality/Quantity Assurance
9. Final Data Collection
10. Analysis/Hypothesis Testing
11. Interpretation
12. Publication
What is an explanatory variable? - correct answer ✔✔Response variables, dependent variables, the Y
variable after X changes. The record at each sampling unit.
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