Class notes
Bio 101 RNA Protein Synthesis Notes
- Course
- BIO 101
- Institution
- Germanna Community College
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Chapter 11; RNA Protein Synthesis. *Essential Study Material!!
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Chapter 10: RNA & Protein SynthesisTSW investigate & understand common mechanisms of protein
synthesis.
RNA Structure
Consists of a long chain of nucleotides
The 3 parts of a nucleotide are…
o A. Phosphate Group
o B. Sugars
o C. Bases
DNA vs. RNA
3 Main Differences
o Sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose found in
DNA
o RNA is generally single-stranded while DNA is double
stranded
o RNA contains URACIL instead of Thymine
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid
A disposable copy of a segment of DNA
A working copy of a single gene
What does RNA do?
RNA is responsible for the assembly of DNA into proteins
3 Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
, Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – found inside ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
RNA molecules that carry copies of instructions for assembling
amino acids into proteins
“Messengers” from DNA to the rest of the cell
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes
Ribosomes are made up several dozen proteins + rRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as specified in the
instructional coded within Messenger RNA
DNA Transcription
DNA must be copied to the messenger RNA
mRNA goes from nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
mRNA complements known as codons
o only 3 nucleotides “letters” long
Remember RNA has uracil instead of thymine
Transcription – Step 1
ACGTATCGCGTA
TGCATAGCGCAT
UGCAUAGCGCAU
Step 2: Template DNA is matched up with Complementary mRNA
sequences
Step 3: mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes
Protein Translation
2
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