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Risk Assessment Exam 3. Toxicity Assessment Questions and Answers 2024
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Risk Assessment Exam 3. Toxicity Assessment
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Risk Assessment Exam 3. ToxicityAssessment
What is the toxicity value for non-carcinogenic toxicity? – answer RfD (multiply by
1/RfD)
What is the RfD? - answer The estimate of daily exposure that does not result in a toxic
effect
What is the toxicity value for a carcinogen? - answer cancer slope factor
What is the cancer slope factor? - answer It is the slope of the dose-response curve in
the low dose region for carcinogens
What are the 3 tiers of information that a risk assessor uses to obtain toxicity data? -
answer1. EPA integrated risk information system (IRIS), 2. EPA provisional peer-
reviewed toxicity values (PPRTV), 3. peer-reviewed literature
What is acute exposure? - answer Exposure over 24 hours or less
What is subchronic exposure? - answerExposure over a portion of lifetime (Ex. working
in a factory for 25 years)
What is chronic exposure? - answerExposure over a lifetime (Used by risk assessors)
What is the NOEL? - answerno observed effect level - the dose at which no response is
observed
What is the NOAEL? - answerno observed adverse effect level - the dose at which no
adverse/toxic response is observed (i.e. therapeutic dose)
What is the critical effect? - answerThe effect that occurs at the NOAEL, it describes the
first organ or system in which an effect is observed
What is a critical study? - answerthe principal toxicology study used to develop the
toxicity value
What is the first pass effect and why do drug manufacturers have to consider it? -
answerIt describes the process by which chemicals are detoxified by the liver when they
initially pass through it. Manufacturers must consider it because a portion of the
pharmaceutical will be metabolized by the liver, reducing the dose. Pro drugs are made
to take advantage of the first pass effect and are metabolized into their active form
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