Summary Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes on Organic Chemistry
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Course
Chemistry
Institution
GCSE
I used this document in my GCSE revision and it helped me to achieve a Grade 8 in my final chemistry GCSE exam (edexcel igcse board). These notes are made based on the CGP GCSE guide.
Organic Compounds
General formula : an algebraic formula that can describe any member
of a family of compounds (e g . .
alkenes >
-
CnHan
Empirical formula : the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
in a compound (e g
. .
(He >
-
CH2)
Molecular formula : the actual number of atorms of each element in a
Molecule (e g
.
.
(He)
Structural formula :
shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon
,
with the attached hydrogens (e g .
CH2CH2)
Displayed formula : shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the
( (
bonds between them e H
gH
. -
,
C = C
-
1 H
Homologous Series : a group of compounds that can all be represented
by the same general formula
Molecules in a momologous series contain the same functional group
↳)
functional group : a group of atoms that determine now a compound typically
reacts
compounds in a homologous series often react in Similar ways
~
of carbons - penen, -
Homologous Series
A
lan es
Suffix
-
and
ISOMERS
Alkenes -
ene Isomers : Molecules that have the same
AICONOLS Ol molecular formula but their atoms
-
are arranged differently
Iso they have different structural formwas
SIMILARITIES :
E
H
HH HH
C H
&
their chemical properties
F
111 H - -
H C C H ISOMERS ↳ the
I
c c way they react
- - - - -
·
I 1 I H H
HHH H I I
H -
C -
C -
C -
H DIFFERENCES :
butane A
it it it ·
physical properties
both molecules have the me+my propane ↳ (e g . .
boiling point)
formula C+ H10
functional groups in different places
S
H HH H H HH H The functional group (the double bond =
1 I I 1
H -
c =
c - - -
HH - -
c = - -
H functional group for alkenes) is attached
it H it to a different carbon
but(-1-Jene but-2-ene Different physical properties
CRUDE OIL
Crude oil : a mixture of substances hydrocarbons)
(mainly
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