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Summary Ophthalmology Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
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Ophthalmology Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
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Ophthalmology Exam Questions andAnswers (Latest Update 2025)
things to consider in pt with changes in visual acuity -
Correct Answer ✅-sudden or gradual?
-unilateral or bilateral? (bilateral tends to be gradual, sudden
unilateral)
-painful or painless-- sudden painful unilateral vision loss
warrants urgent referral or ER vs rapid onset painless vision
loss related to meds
reasons for sudden UNILATERAL changes in visual acuity--
PAINFUL - Correct Answer ✅-issues of cornea, anterior
chamber:
-*corneal ulcer*- open sore on cornea
-*uveitis*- inflammation of middle layer of eye
-*traumatic hyphema*- blood in anterior chamber
-*acute narrow angle glaucoma*
-optic neuritis- inflammation of optic nerve
reasons for sudden UNILATERAL changes in visual acuity--
PAINLESS - Correct Answer ✅-*vitreous hemorrhage*-
,Ophthalmology Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest Update 2025)
bleed into vitreous humor, can be from diabetes (incr vasc) or
trauma
-*macular degeneration*- eye disease that causes (usually
more gradual) vision loss, normal with aging
-*retinal detachment*- retina pulls away from choroid layer-->
blind spot
-*retinal vein occlusion*- atherosclerosis
-*central retinal artery occlusion*
patterns of change in visual acuity - Correct Answer ✅-
entire field of vision or only a portion?
-specific visual defects ? like mobile (floaters) or fixed
(scotomas)? floaters could be bleeding into vitreous
-are they experiencing flashing lights? (photopsia)-->
suggests retinal detachment
reasons for gradual BILATERAL changes in visual acuity (less
concerning) - Correct Answer ✅-*hyperopia*-
farsightedness, difficulty focusing on near
-*presbyopia*- increasing farsightedness, associated with
normal aging; >40 years old--> wear glasses
, Ophthalmology Exam Questions and
Answers (Latest Update 2025)
-*myopia*- nearsightedness, more common in general; can't
see at a distance
-*cataracts*- lens opacifies, light not focused as well on
retina; red light reflex -- cant't see through lens
-*macular degeneration*- blurred central vision, trouble
reading, driving, facial recognition
---wet- blood vessels leak blood and fluid
---dry- most common
central visual changes - Correct Answer ✅-gradual central
loss
-nuclear cataract
-macular degeneration- central decreased vision
peripheral visual changes - Correct Answer ✅-gradual
peripheral loss
-open-angle glaucoma- increased pressure in eye, can
damage optic nerve--> emergency
Diplopia - Correct Answer ✅double vision
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