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Cscc Anth 2200 Final Exam Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Cscc Anth 2200 Final Exam QuestionsAnd Answers With Verified Solutions
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Adenine - ANSWER✔✔One of the nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it
pairs with thymine in DNA molecules and uracil in RNA molecules. (page 51)
Amino acids - ANSWER✔✔Organic molecules combined in a specific sequence
by the ribosomes to form a protein. (page 58)
Antibodies - ANSWER✔✔Molecules that form as part of the primary immune
response to the presence of foreign substances; they attach to the foreign antigens.
(page 65)
Antigens - ANSWER✔✔Specific proteins, on the surface of cells, that stimulate
the immune system's antibody production. (page 65)
Autosomes - ANSWER✔✔All chromosomes, except the sex chromosomes, that
occur in pairs in all somatic cells (not the gametes). (page 52)
Coding DNA - ANSWER✔✔Sequences of a gene's DNA (also known as exons)
that are coded to produce a specific protein and are transcribed and translated
during protein synthesis. (page 62)
Codominance - ANSWER✔✔Refers to two different alleles that are equally
dominant; both are fully expressed in a heterozygote's phenotype. (page 67)
,Codons - ANSWER✔✔The sequences of three nitrogen bases carried by mRNA
that are coded to produce specific amino acids in protein synthesis. (page 62)
Complementary bases - ANSWER✔✔The predictable pairing of nitrogen bases in
the structure of DNA and RNA, such that adenine and thymine always pair
together (adenine and uracil in RNA) and cytosine and guanine pair together. (page
51)
Crossing-over - ANSWER✔✔The process by which homologous chromosomes
partially wrap around each other and exchange genetic information during meiosis.
(page 57)
Cytoplasm - ANSWER✔✔The jellylike substance inside the cell membrane that
surrounds the nucleus and in which the organelles are suspended. (page 47)
Cytosine - ANSWER✔✔One of the nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it
pairs with guanine. (page 51)
Diploid cell - ANSWER✔✔A cell that has a full complement of paired
chromosomes. (page 53)
Epigenetic - ANSWER✔✔Refers to chemical changes in the genome affecting
how the underlying DNA is used in production of proteins, but without altering the
DNA sequences. (page 68)
Essential amino acids - ANSWER✔✔Those amino acids that cannot be
synthesized in the body; they must be supplied by the diet. (page 58)
,Gametes - ANSWER✔✔Sexual reproductive cells, ova and sperm, that have a
haploid number of chromosomes and that can unite with a gamete of the opposite
type to form a new organism. (page 48)
Genome - ANSWER✔✔The complete set of genetic information -- chromosomal
and mitochondrial DNA -- for an organism or species that represents all the
inheritable traits. (page 50)
Genomics - ANSWER✔✔The branch of genetics that studies species' genomes.
(page 50)
Guanine - ANSWER✔✔One of the nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it
pairs with cytosine. (page 51)
Haplogroups - ANSWER✔✔A large set of haplotypes, such as the Y chromosome
or mitochondrial DNA, that may be used to define a population. (page 57)
Haploid cell - ANSWER✔✔A cell that has a single set of unpaired chromosomes;
half of the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. (page 49)
Haplotypes - ANSWER✔✔A group of alleles that tend to be inherited as a unit due
to their closely spaced loci on a single chromosome. (page 57)
Heterozygous - ANSWER✔✔Refers to the condition in which the two alleles of a
pair of alleles at a single locus on homologous chromosomes are different. (page
67)
, Homeotic (Hox) genes - ANSWER✔✔Also known as homeobox genes, they are
responsible for differentiating the specific segments of the body, such as the head,
tail, and limbs, during embryological development. (page 63)
Homologous - ANSWER✔✔Refers to each set of paired chromosomes in the
genome. (page 52)
Homozygous - ANSWER✔✔Refers to the condition in which the two alleles of a
pair of alleles at a single locus on homologous chromosomes are the same. (page
67)
Law of segregation - ANSWER✔✔Mendel's first law, which asserts that the two
alleles for any given gene (or trait) are inherited, one from each parent; during
gamete production, only one of the two alleles will be present in each ovum or
sperm. (page 65)
Locus - ANSWER✔✔The location on a chromosome of a specific gene. (page 64)
Meiosis - ANSWER✔✔The production of gametes through one DNA replication
and two cell (and nuclear) divisions, creating four haploid gametic cells. (page 51)
Mitochondria - ANSWER✔✔Energy-producing (ATP) organelles in eukaryotic
cells; they possess their own independent DNA. (page 50)
Mitosis - ANSWER✔✔The process of cellular and nuclear division that creates
two identical diploid daughter cells. (page 51)
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