NWHSU Immunology Final Exam Questions
And Answers
Name the components of the 1st line of defense Tight junctions in cells of skin and
mucous membranes, cilia in respiratory tract
Name the cells that are involved in the 2nd line of defense Neutrophils,
monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, baso...
3) Antibodies (3rd line) acting as opsonins to attract neutrophils and macorphages
Tc cells of the 3rd line summon which cells of the 2nd line of defense for help? NK cells
Antibodies in the 3rd line of defense acting as opsonins attract what from the 2nd line?
neutrophils and macrophages
Give examples of the properties of skin and mucous membranes that create the 1st line of
defense. - Tight junction between cells - physical barrier
- Layer of dead keratinized cells on skin - physical barrier
, NWHSU Immunology Final Exam Questions
And Answers
- Frequent shedding of cells - removal of attached pathogens
- Mucous - traps pathogens
- Cilia - mechanically removes pathogens
lysozyme (in mucous, sweat, tears) - breaks down peptidoglycan and causes lysis of gram
positive bacteria
- stomach acid - kills many pathogens
How do normal flora microbes contribute to defending our body at the first line of defense?
- They compete for nutrients
- Produce acids that lower pH (leads to less favorable growth condition)
- Produce antibiotics
How does saliva contribute to the first line of defense? Contains lytic enzymes
How does stomach acid contribute to the first line of defense? Low pH is detrimental to
many pathogens
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