Term 1 of 49
Analytical assumption is one part of a mental model or
mind-set. T/F
True
False
Term 2 of 49
Insensitivity to prior probabilities
Forming an opinion about group membership based on information given and not using
information about the prior probability of group membership.
Is Steve a librarian or a farmer example - base rate frequency
Treating independent events as a series of events and expecting a balanced pattern
HTHTTH is NOT more likely than HHHTTT just because it seems more random.
Gambler's fallacy - any "streak" is due to break
Ignoring the fact that smaller sample sizes are more likely to deviate from the mean
60% of babies born at large vs. small hospital are boys example
Is a bias that is present when the prediction of a future event is often made on
representativeness or how the event is described
The success of a teacher after 5 years based on the evaluation of single lesson today
example
,Term 3 of 49
The receipt of information in small increments over
time also facilitates assimilation of this information
into the analyst's existing views but doesn't necessarily help
to attenuate the perception patterns unless the
pieces information are analyzed as a whole. T/F
True
False
Term 4 of 49
To expect a sequence of events generated
by a random process will represent essential
characteristics of that process even when the
sequence is short.
Insensitivity to prior probability of outcomes
Insensitivity to sample size
Misconception of chance
Term 5 of 49
The avoidance of options for which missing
information makes the probability seem "unknown."
Ambiguity effect
Planning fallacy
Overconfidence
,Term 6 of 49
Which of these statements are accurate?
Objectivity is achieved by making judgments
and reasoning as explicit as possible so that they
can be challenged by others and analysts can,
themselves, examine their validity.
Objectivity is achieved by making basic
assumptions and reasoning as explicit as possible
so that they can be challenged by others and
analysts can, themselves, examine their validity.
Objectivity is achieved by making basic
assumptions, judgments, and reasoning as
explicit as possible so that they can be challenged
by others and analysts can, themselves, examine
their validity.
Term 7 of 49
Imaginability
1. Caused by limitations where mind employs simplifying strategies to ease mental
processing
2. Not caused by emotional/intellectual predisposition, subconscious
3. Mental error that is consistent and predictable
when a size of a class is judged by availability of its instances, a class whose instances
are easily retrieved will appear more numerous than a class of equal frequency whose
instances are less retrievable
Seeing house burning vs. reading about it in a paper example
Ignoring the fact that smaller sample sizes are more likely to deviate from the mean
60% of babies born at large vs. small hospital are boys example
if an outcome seems plausible and is easily imagined, it seems more probable; if asked
to imagine an extremely negative outcome, it doesn't seem plausible or probable
—"denial."
, Term 8 of 49
Which of the following statements about cognitive
bias are accurate?
Awareness of the bias, by itself, does produce a
more accurate perception.
Cognitive biases are easily to overcome.
Cognitive biases that are particularly pertinent
to intelligence analysis because they affect the
evaluation of evidence, perception of cause and
effect, estimation of probabilities, and
retrospective evaluation of intelligence reports.
Term 9 of 49
We devote a lot of attention in our thinking. T/F
True
False
Term 10 of 49
Evaluation of conjunctive/disjunctive events
search/interpret information in way that confirms ones preconceptions; discredit
information that does not support their view
1. we tend to perceive what we expect to perceive
2. mind-sets tend to be quick to form, resistant to change
3. new information is assimilated into existing images
4. initial exposure to blurred or ambiguous stimuli interferes with accurate information
overestimate the probability of conjunctive event; underestimate the probability of a
disjunctive event
pulling different colored marbles out of a jar example
AKA correspondence bias; over-emphasize personality-based behaviors in others while
under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior
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