Psychology Brain Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
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Psychology Brain
Institution
Psychology Brain
Psychology Brain Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
1. neuron a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous sys-
tem.
2. cell body the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the cell's
life support c
Psychology Brain Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
1. neuron a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous sys-
tem.
2. cell body the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the cell's
life support center.
3. dendrites a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive
and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the
cell body.
4. axon the neuron extension that passes messages through its
branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands.
,Psychology Brain Exam Test with Verified Answers Graded A+
5. myelin a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of
[MY-uh-lin] some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed
sheath as neural impulses hop from one node to the next.
6. glial cells (glia) cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and
protect neurons; they also play a role in learning, thinking,
and memory.
7. action potential a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels
down an axon.
8. threshold the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural im-
pulse.
9. refractory period
, in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs
after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials
cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state.
10. all-or-none re- a neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength
sponse response) or not firing.
11. synapse the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron
[SIN-aps] and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or
synaptic cleft.
12. neurotransmit- chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps be-
ters tween neurons. When released by the sending neuron,
neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to
receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influenc-
ing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.
, 13. reuptake a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron.
14. endorphins "morphine within"—natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters
[en-DOR-fins] linked to pain control and to pleasure.
15. agonist a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action.
16. antagonist a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's
action.
17. nervous system the body's speedy, electrochemical communication net-
work, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and
central nervous systems.
18. the brain and spinal cord.
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