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NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version $13.49   Add to cart

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NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version

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The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. → Pharmacokinetics The study of what the drug does to the body → Pharmacodynamics Rate of dissolution Surface area Blood flow Lipid solubility pH partitioning → Factors Affecting Drug A...

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NR565 Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and

excreted.

→ Pharmacokinetics


The study of what the drug does to the body

→ Pharmacodynamics


Rate of dissolution

Surface area

Blood flow

Lipid solubility

pH partitioning


→ Factors Affecting Drug Absorption


Blood flow to tissues

Ability to exit the vascular system

Blood-brain barrier

Protein-binding capacity

→ Factors Affecting Drug Distribution


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substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications

are a common example

→ Xenobiotics


xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and

the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.


→ Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)


responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed

→ Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)


Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis

→ Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450


-Drug becomes completely inactive




-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active




-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active

→ Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.


Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450

enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent

drug"



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→ CYP450 Inducers


CRAPGPS

Carbamazepine

Rifampin

Alcohol

Phenytoin

Griseofulvin

Phenobarbital

Sulfonylureas


→ CYP450 Inducer Medications


Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher

risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".

→ CYP450 Inhibitors


VISACKGQ

Valproate

Isoniazid

Sulfonamides

Amiodarone

Chloramphenicol



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Ketoconazole

Grapefruit Juice

Quinidine

→ CYP450 Inhibitor Medications


-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults

-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or

medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome

-medications to be used cautiously in older adults

-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults

-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function

in older adults

→ Beers Criteria


when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.

→ Pharmacokinetic Interactions


result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into

the body.

→ Absorption Interaction


caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites.

→ Distribution Interaction



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