BONE DENSITY ARRT EXAMINATION REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.

BONE DENSITY ARRT EXAMINATION
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS

Osteroporosis vv- vvAnswer vvA vvskeletal vvdisorder vvcharacterized vvby vvcompromised
vvbone vvstrength vvpredisposing vva vvperson vvto vvan vvincreased vvrisk vvof vvfracture.
vvDefined vvby vvWorld vvHealth vvOrganization vv(WHO) vvbased vvon vvbone vvmineral
vvdensity vv(BMD) vvassessment vvBMD vvlies vv2.5 vvstandard vvdeviations vvor vvmore
vvbelow vvaverage vvvalue vvfor vvyoung vvhealthy vvwomen, vvT-score vv<-2.5 vvSD
Occurs vvwhen vvrate vvof vvbone vvresorption vvexceeds vvrate vvof vvbone
vvformation=decrease vvin vvbone vvmass.


World vvHealth vvOrganization vv(WHO) vv- vvAnswer vv- vvIn vv1994, vvthe vvWHO vvselected
vva vvBMD vvcut-point vvfor vvdefining vvthe vvprevalence vvof vvosteoporosis vvin vvthe
vvCaucasian vvpost-menopausal vvfemale vvpopulation. vv
- vvT vvscore vv<-2.5 vvSD vvis vvconsidered vvOsteoporosis

Four vvcategories vvof vvWHO: vv- vvAnswer vv

"WHO vv8" vv- vvAnswer vvClinical vvrisk vvfactors vvfor vvfx vvage, vvlow vvbone vvmass vvindex,
vvprior vvfx, vvparental vvhip vvfx, vvcurrent vvsmoker, vvglucocorticoid vvuse vv(3 vvmo),
vvrheumatoid vvarthritis, vvexcessive vvalcohol vvconsumption


Primary vvOsteoporosis vv- vvAnswer vvMetabolic vvbone vvdisease vvcharacterized vvby
vvlow vvbone vvmass vv& vvdeterioration vvof vvbone vvtissue=bone vvfragility vvand
vvincreased vvfx vvrisk vvno vvdirect vvor vvsingular vvcause vv
Type vv1= vvpost vvmenopausal vvosteoporosis vv(estrogen vvloss)
Type vv2=age vvrelated vvosteoporosis

Two vvTypes vvof vvPrimary vvOsteoporosis: vv- vvAnswer vvTwo vvtypes: vvIdiopathic
vv- vvType vvI: vvBone vvloss vvoccurs vvin vvtrabecular vvpart vvof vv
vvbone; vvmenopause
vv- vvType vvII: vvCortical vvbone; vvaging vvprocess


Primary vvOsteoporosis vvRisk vvFactors: vv- vvAnswer vv1. vvAge: vvincreases vvwith vvage
2. vvGenetics: vvruns vvin vvthe vvfamily
3. vvSex: vvfemales vvhave vvaccelerated vvbone vvloss vvafter vvmenopause
4. vvHormones: vvestrogen vvdeficiency vvresults vvin vvaccelerated vvbone vvloss
5. vvNutritional: vvinadequate vvvitamin vvD, vvcalcium
6. vvPhysical vvactivity: vvinactivity vvpromotes vvosteoporosis

,7. vvEnvironmental vvfactors: vvsmoking, vvalcohol vvpromote vvosteoporosis

Secondary vvOsteoporosis vv- vvAnswer vvSecondary vvto vvor vvcaused vvby vvsomething
vvelse vv= vvdirect vvcause vvresult vvfrom vvvariety vvof vvchronic vvconditions vvthat
vvsignificantly vvcontribute vvto vvbone vvmineral vvloss, vvor vvresult vvfrom vveffects vvof
vvmedications vv& vvnutritional vvdeficiencies. vvSuch vvas vvhyperparathyroidism, vvlong-
term vvdrug vvtherapy, vvlong-term vvimmobility.

Support vv- vvAnswer vvFunction vvfor vvframework vvfor vvattachment vvof vvmuscles vv&
vvtissues


Protection vv- vvAnswer vvFunction vvto vvprotect vvinternal vvorgans vvfrom vvinjury

Movement vv- vvAnswer vvFunction vvfor vvbones vvact vvas vvlevers vv& vvattachment vvfor
vvmuscles


Mineral vvStorage vv- vvAnswer vvFunction vvas vvreservoir vvfor vvCa vvand vvphosphorus,
vvessential vvfor vvcellular vvactivities


blood vvcell vvproduction vv- vvAnswer vvFunction vvwhere vvhematopoiesis vvoccurs vvin
vvred vvmarrow vvfound vvw/in vvbone vvcavities


Energy vvStorage vv- vvAnswer vvFunction vvwhere vvlipids vv(fats) vvstored vvin vvadipose
vvcells vvof vvyellow vvmarrow vvserve vvas vvan vvenergy vvreservoir


Trabecular vvbone vv- vvAnswer vv- vv*20%* vvof vvskeletal vvbody vvmass
- vvSpongy/honeycomb, vv*CANCELLOUS*
- vvSupports vvcompressive vvloads
- vv*AXIAL* vvskeleton
- vvMost vvresponsive vvto vvtherapy
- vvHigher vvmetabolic vvrate
- vvEnd vvof vvlong vvbones

Cortical vvbone vv- vvAnswer vv- vv*80%* vvof vvskeletal vvbody vvmass
- vv*COMPACT*, vvstrong, vvdense
- vvResists vvtwisting vvand vvbending vvmotion
- vv*APPENDICULAR* vvskeleton
- vvShaft vvof vvlong vvbones

Three vvfunctions vvof vvthe vvskeleton: vv- vvAnswer vv- vvProtect vvvital vvorgans
- vvScaffolding vvfor vvthe vvmusculoskeletal vvsystem
- vvManufactures vvred vvblood vvcells

Axial vvskeleton vvincludes: vv- vvAnswer vvPrimarily vvtrabecular vvbone. vvSkull, vvvertebral
vvcolumn, vvsternum vvand vvribs.

, Appendicular vvskeleton vvincludes: vv- vvAnswer vvPrimarily vvcortical vvbone. vvScapula,
vvextremities vvand vvpelvic vvgirdle.


Bone vv- vvAnswer vvStructural vvanatomy vvis vvfor vvweight vvbearing vv& vvnon-weight
vvbearing.


Weight-bearing vvincludes: vv- vvAnswer vvLower vvextremities, vvspine, vvcalcaneus, vvand
vvportions vvof vvthe vvpelvic vvgirdle.


Non-weight vvbearing vvincludes: vv- vvAnswer vvThe vvremainder vvof vvthe vvskeleton

Cortical vvsites vvinclude: vv- vvAnswer vvTotal vvbody, vvfemoral vvneck, vvfingers, vvproximal
vvforearm vvand vvdistal vvforearm.


Trabecular vvsites vvinclude: vv- vvAnswer vvSpine, vvWard's vvarea vv(3 vvbundles vvof
vvtrabecular vvbone vvin vvfemoral vvneck vvarea), vvcalcaneus, vvand vvultra vvdistal
vvforearm.


Central vvsites vvinclude: vv- vvAnswer vv- vvThoracic vvand vvlumbar vvspine vv(spine-
trabecular, vvweight vvbearing vvand vvaxial)
- vvProximal vvfemur

Peripheral vvsites vvinclude: vv- vvAnswer vv- vvForearm- vvDXA,SXA, vvpQCT
- vvHeel vv- vvSXA, vvQUS
- vvFingers vv- vvDXA, vvregular vvx-ray
- vvTibia vv- vvQUS

Functions vvof vvbones: vv- vvAnswer vvSupport
Protection
Movement
Mineral vvStorage
Blood vvcell vvproduction
Energy vvstorage

Bone vvis vvcomposed vvof vv- vvAnswer vv- vvBone vvforming vvcells vv(osteoblasts vvand
vvosteocytes)
- vvBone vvresorbing vvcells vv(osteoclasts)
- vvNonmineral vvmatrix vvof vvcollagen vvand vvnoncollagenous vvprotein vv(osteoid)
- vvInorganic vvmineral vvsalts vvdeposited vvwithin vvthe vvmatrix

Calcaneous vv- vvAnswer vvExample vvof vvWB vv, vvappendicular, vvperipheral, vvtrabecular
vvsite


Femoral vvneck vv- vvAnswer vvExample vvof vvWB, vvappendicular, vvcentral, vvcortical vvsite

Lumbar vvspine vv- vvAnswer vvExample vvof vvWB, vvaxial, vvcentral, vvtrabecular vvsite