MS1 Exam 2 Jeopardy + NCLEX Questions & Answers

This is a coronary artery spasm - ANSWERSPrinzemetal or variant angina Class of meds that decrease preload and decreases afterload and cause coronary vasodilation? - ANSWERSnitrates For reversal of overdose of lovenox or heparin? - ANSWERSprotamine sulfate This is the product of cardiac output and systemic peripheral vascular resistance - ANSWERSblood pressure Antidote for Coumadin - ANSWERSvitamin K This transfusion is given when the patient has an issue clotting - ANSWERSFFP or platelets Name two things we are preventing when giving anticoagulants to patients for Atrial Fibrillation? - ANSWERSstroke and pulmonary embloism This is palpated s/p heart cath at the site of the insertion and feels like a hard lump - ANSWERShematoma This is the removal of excess sodium and water in patients with severe fluid overload and decrease renal function - ANSWERSultrafiltration or aquapheresis This is a form of pericarditis that develops 1-4 weeks s/p MI - ANSWERSDressler syndrome Gold standard in detecting CAD - ANSWERScoronary angiography or cardiac catheterization side effects for Thiazide diuretics - ANSWERShypotension, tachycardia, weakness, hypokalemia This needs to be in a tight range because it can increase the risk of infection s/p CABG - ANSWERSglucose Transports O2 and CO2 to and from the cells - ANSWERSerythrocytes (or hemoglobin) Class of meds that decrease HR, contractility, and myocardial oxygen demand? - ANSWERSbeta blockers An unexplained drop in platelet count after being on heparin - ANSWERSheparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) These are 5 risk factors for CAD - ANSWERSgenetic predisposition, gender, diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, HTN, obesity, and age This is permanent EKG changes that indicate an old MI - ANSWERSdeep Q wave Which patient statement would the nurse evaluate as indicating a risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease that the patient cannot change? • "I am trying to quit smoking, but it is difficult." • "My blood sugars sometimes run a little high." • "I walk at least one mile every day." • "My father died of a heart attack at age 70." - ANSWERSMy father died of a heart attack at age 70 A patient reports a history of having substernal chest pain. Which patient statement would help the nurse establish a diagnosis of stable angina? • "The pain usually lasts about 10 minutes." • "The pain has started waking me up at night." • "This last bout of pain was the worst yet." • "I'm having the pains more often than I used to." - ANSWERSThe pain usually lasts about 10 minutes A patient seen in the clinic reports having episodes of left arm pain and chest tightness that started after having an argument. The nurse concludes the pain was most likely typical angina pain when the patient also reports which occurrence? • The pain was relieved by taking nitroglycerin. • Having just eaten a large meal prior to having the pain • Feeling very anxious when having the pain • Experiencing weakness and dizziness - ANSWERSThe pain was relieved by taking nitroglycerin The ECG of a patient admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) shows new ST segment elevation. The nurse plans the patient's immediate care based on which concern? • This patient is experiencing mild cardiac ischemia. • It is likely that this patient has experienced an MI in the past. • Severe damage to the patient's heart is inevitable. • Transmural ischemia could be occurring. - ANSWERSTransmural ischemia could be occurring A patient admitted with complaints of epigastric pain since yesterday is evaluated for an MI. Blood markers are negative but the ECG shows deep Q wave changes without ST segment elevation. The nurse plans the immediate care of this patient based on which concern? • The patient has suffered an MI some time ago. • The patient likely suffered an MI yesterday. • The patient's natural pacemaker is failing. • The patient has ventricular hypertrophy. - ANSWERSThe patient has suffered an MI some time ago The patient presents to the ED with a history of substernal chest pain and SOB that occurred 4 days ago. The nurse anticipates the blood work will be drawn to measure which indicator of MI? • Troponin I levels • Myoglobin levels • C-reactive protein • CK-MB - ANSWERSTroponin I levels A patient with severe three-vessel disease experiences an MI, causing occlusion to the left ventricle. The nurse places high priority on monitoring for signs of which complication? • Pericarditis • Cardiogenic shock • Dressler's syndrome • Premature ventricular contractions - ANSWERSCardiogenic shock A patient walks into the emergency department triage area with complaints of substernal chest pain that began about 20 minutes ago. What is the triage nurse's most important action? • Have the patient sit down. • Ask the patient whether this type of pain has every occurred before today. • Start an intravenous line in the patient's forearm. • Order a STAT electrocardiogram. - ANSWERSHave the patient sit down Chest tube drainage output measures 200 mL in one hour in a patient recovering from a CABG. Which action should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) • Increase monitoring to every 30 minutes. • Have the patient do cough and deep breathing exercises. • Reinforce the chest tube dressing. • Report the findings to the primary care provider. • Use standing orders to obtain a CBC. - ANSWERSReport the findings to the primary care provider. Use standing orders to obtain a CBC The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who underwent balloon angioplasty yesterday. What information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) • "If you have bright red bleeding from your access site, call your physician immediately." • "You may resume your normal activities tomorrow." • "Here is an appointment card that shows when you should next see your physician." • "You might experience some nausea and weakness for a few days." • "You may shower or bathe as you usually do." - ANSWERS"Here is an appointment card that shows when you should next see your physician." "You may shower or bathe as you usually do." A patient's history indicates a past history of rheumatic fever. The nurse plans to assess the patient for signs of which disorder? • Pericarditis • Endocarditis • Mitral stenosis • Pulmonary fibrosis - ANSWERSMitral stenosis The mother of a 6-year-old who has a history of rheumatic fever brings the child and a 3-year-old sibling to the clinic because of fever and sore throat. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate in the care of this child? • "Since your child has had rheumatic fever, we must treat strep throat aggressively." • "Because your child has already experienced rheumatic fever, no antibiotics are necessary." • "At least your 3-year-old is not at risk for developing rheumatic fever." • "All of the damage to your child's heart valves has probably already occurred." - ANSWERS"Since your child has had rheumatic fever, we must treat strep throat aggressively." The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. Which information should be included in this plan? • Avoid having any dental work until the valve is replaced. • Plan for rest periods throughout the day. • Take your oral temperature every morning. • Keep a diary of all the high-fat foods you eat - ANSWERSPlan for rest periods throughout the day A patient is scheduled for open surgical valvuloplasty of the mitral valve with thrombus removal. When preparing the patient for surgery, the nurse should include which information? • Cardiopulmonary bypass will not be required for this procedure. • Anticoagulation therapy will not be necessary in the postoperative period. • The valve will be repaired, but not replaced. • This procedure will prevent the need for future valve surgeries. - ANSWERSThe valve will be repaired, but not replaced A patient is diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary to cocaine abuse. The nurse plans nursing care recognizing treatment for this type of cardiomyopathy usually involves which procedure? • Alcohol septal ablation • Insertion of an implantable automatic defibrillator (ICD) • Aortic valve repair • Supportive therapy with medications - ANSWERSSupportive therapy with medications