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PEDIATRIC NURSING MIDTERM EXAM REVISION. ALL MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED 100%) (2024 UPDATE) $11.99
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PEDIATRIC NURSING MIDTERM EXAM REVISION. ALL MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED 100%) (2024 UPDATE)
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Tracheoesophageal fistula - ANSWER- Manifestations include excessive salivation and drooling. The child has difficulty managing the secretions causing choking, coughing, and cyanosis. Nsg interventions surround prevention of aspiration. Treated with surgery Intussusception - ANSWER- Passage of a...

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Nursing Pediatrics
  • Nursing Pediatrics

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PEDIATRIC NURSING MIDTERM EXAM REVISION. ALL MIDTERM

EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED

100%) (2024 UPDATE)

Tracheoesophageal fistula - ANSWER- Manifestations include excessive salivation and

drooling. The child has difficulty managing the secretions causing choking, coughing, and

cyanosis. Nsg interventions surround prevention of aspiration. Treated with surgery


Intussusception - ANSWER- Passage of a normal stool indicates resolution. Notification of the

physician is essential to determine whether a change in treatment plan is indicated.


Celiac disease - ANSWER- Characterized by intolerance to gluten, the protein found in wheat,

barley, rye, and oats. A low-gluten diet is indicated. Manifestations include irritability, poor

appetite and growth, and foul-smelling stools.


Peptic ulcer - ANSWER- Treated with proton pump inhibitors, which block the production of

acid. They are well tolerated and have infrequent side effects. Eliminate nsaids, cigarettes, and

caffeine.


Normal urine - ANSWER- The expected ph is 4.8 to 7.8. Normal specific gravity range is 1.016

to 1.022. Protein and glucose should be absent.


Vesicoureteral reflux - ANSWER- Allows urine flow to be forced back to the kidneys. When

the urine is infected, this contributes to kidney infections.

Hypertension results from the cycle of infection/inflammation/scarring/decreased perfusion.

Renin-angiotensin is released, which ultimately elevates blood pressure.

,Treat with antibiotics or surgery in grades IV-V. Management may take years.


Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER- Inflammatory disease: Glomerulus becomes inflamed and

allows molecules to pass

Most common in 2–6-year-olds

Characterized by: Proteinuria (frothy urine), Hypoalbuminemia, Edema

Hypoalbuminemia is a result of the large amounts of protein that leak through the glomerular

membrane into the urine. Measuring weight at the same time each day is the most accurate way to

determine fluid gains and losses. The child will have a variable level of tolerance for activity. This

will also be affected by the labile moods associated with steroid administration. The nurse should

assist the family in adjusting activities for the child.

Tx: Prednisone, diuretics, albumin, low salt diet, ensure position changes, monitor for fever, cough,

and abdominal pain.


Acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER- Immune reaction to group A beta-hemolytic


Streptococcal infection. Most common in young children 5-12 yrs. 1-2 weeks after strep throat, 3-

6 weeks after skin infection.

Characterized by: Sudden onset, Hematuria, Proteinuria, edema, Renal insufficiency, Hematuria:

tea- or cola-colored urine, Hypertension, periorbital edema

Acute hypertension is anticipated and requires frequent monitoring for early intervention.

Tx: Antihypertensives, low salt, diuretics

,Hypospadia - ANSWER- Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the lower

or underside of the shaft. Surgery is done early to promote healthy body image. Usually done

between 6 and 12 months of age. No circumcision until after surgery. Urinary diversion is used

after surgery to allow healing (stents or catheters).

Surgery goal: make urinary and sexual function as

Normal as possible/improve the cosmetic appearance of the penis. Monitor for urine cloudiness or

odor.


Epispadia - ANSWER- congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper

side of the penile shaft; less common than hypospadias. Surgery is done early to promote healthy

body image. Usually done between 6 and 12 months of age. No circumcision until after surgery.

Urinary diversion is used after surgery to allow healing (stents or catheters).

Surgery goal: make urinary and sexual function as

Normal as possible/improve the cosmetic appearance of the penis. Monitor for urine cloudiness or

odor.


Peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER- The child's own peritoneal cavity acts as the semi-


Permeable membrane across which water and solutes diffuse. Glucose solution.

Often initiated in the ICU. Dialysis set-ups are available commercially.

Can be done at home by adolescents.

Peritonitis

, Myelomeningocele - ANSWER- Neural tube defect that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and

nerves. With diet modification and regular toilet habits to prevent constipation and impaction,

some degree of fecal continence can be achieved. Assessment of the fontanels and daily

measurements of head circumference will aid in early detection of postoperative hydrocephalus.


Neurogenic bladder - ANSWER- a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal

nerve pathways associated with urination

Self-straight catheterization can be done at age 6.


Apnea of infancy - ANSWER- cessation of breath for longer than 20 seconds in infant. Parents

should be taught CPR.


Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci - ANSWER- risk for acute rheumatic fever and acute

glomerulonephritis.


Rheumatic fever - ANSWER- Caused by untreated group A beta-hemolytic strep


Manifests 2-6 weeks after infection Immune response causes inflammation in heart, brain, skin &

Joints

Can cause permanent damage to heart valves

Clinical manifestations

• Arthritis • Carditis • Chorea • Erythema marginatum • Subcutaneous nodules

Therapeutic management

• Penicillin is the drug of choice; erythromycin

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