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BIOL 266 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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BIOL 266 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers 100% Solved structural bioinformatics - field that predicts and models function from 3D structure genomics - field that predicts phenotype from genotype molecular novelty - field that novel genes and gene functions from newly sequenced genomes ...

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 55
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

BIOL 266 Final Exam Review Questions

and Answers 100% Solved


structural bioinformatics - ✔✔field that predicts and models function from

3D structure

genomics - ✔✔field that predicts phenotype from genotype

molecular novelty - ✔✔field that novel genes and gene functions from

newly sequenced genomes and metagenomes

evolutionary adaptation - ✔✔field that analyzes how changes in genotype

lead to changes in phenotype and evolutionary adaptation

computational biology - ✔✔the application of computational tools to solve

biological problems (many disciples, ie/ genomics, biophysics, ecology,

molecular bio, etc.)

bioinformatics - ✔✔more emphases on analysis of high-throughput data,

notably genome-sequence data. A subset of computational biology.

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

pattern discovery - ✔✔subtask of comp bio -learn patterns from biological

data

prediction - ✔✔subtask of comp bio -use patterns to predict biological

function

integration - ✔✔subtask of comp bio -develop models that connect levels of

info

simulation - ✔✔subtask of comp bio - model behavior of biological systems

on a computer

engineering - ✔✔subtask of comp bio - design novel biological systems for

specific purposes

therapy - ✔✔subtask of comp bio - design molecular therapeutics to

combat disease

wet lab - ✔✔data generation testing

dry lab - ✔✔interpretation, prediction, model-building, hypothesis-

generation

algorithm - ✔✔a set of rules or instructions specifying how to solve a

problem

tool - ✔✔implementation of an algorithm (software)

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

sequence analysis - ✔✔determining the optimal alignment between

sequences, searching databases, for homologs, organization and

interpretation of data

phylogenetic analysis - ✔✔organization of sequences according to their

evolutionary relationships

genome analysis - ✔✔finding and analyzing genes within the context of an

entire genome

transcriptomics and proteomics - ✔✔examines levels of gene or protein

expression

network and systems biology - ✔✔analyzing a biological system as a

network of interacting components

synthetic biology - ✔✔the use of computers to design new biological

systems

dna polymers - ✔✔specific sequences of nucleotides

nitrogenous base - ✔✔nucleotides differ by which _________ they contain

genome - ✔✔organism's DNA-based genetic instructions; composed of

genes

genes - ✔✔dna instructions for making proteins

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

central dogma - ✔✔DNA --> RNA --> protein

transcription - ✔✔assisted by RNA polymerase

translation - ✔✔assisted by ribosomes

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA - ✔✔three main types of RBA; messenger, transfer,

ribosomal

RNA - ✔✔-primary structure similar to DNA

-can be single or double stranded

-can exhibit different conformations (unlike DNA)

-contains U instead of T

gene expression - ✔✔process of using DNA info to make mRNA and

proteins

promoter sequence - ✔✔what RNA polymerases look for to recognize

beginning of genes

enhancers - ✔✔. Modulate gene expression and can be far from the gene.

Needed on top of promoters for eukaryotes.

prokaryotes - ✔✔use +ve and -ve regulation for transcription

genetic code - ✔✔RNA to amino acids

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