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PEDIATRIC NURSING – MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS. TOP MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE) $15.49
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PEDIATRIC NURSING – MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS. TOP MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE)
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Fever may cause dehydration to develop quickly. The respiratory rate influences insensible fluid loss and should be monitored in a mechanically ventilated child. Heart failure is a case of fluid overload in children. ICP does not lead to increased fluid requirements in children. What type of deh...

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 53
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Nursing Pediatrics
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PEDIATRIC NURSING – MIDTERM EXAM REVISION

QUESTIONS. TOP MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) (100%

GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE)

Discharge instructions include avoidance of irritating or highly seasoned food; encouraging at least

4 cups of fluid per day; avoiding gargling and vigorous brushing of the teeth, avoiding use of

straws; use of analgesics or an ice collar for pain; and limiting activity. Chewing gum may prevent

throat and ear pain in older children. Citrus juices should be avoided for 7 to 10 days.

Which are true in relation to the influenza vaccination? Select all that apply. Express answer in

small numbers followed by a comma and a space—e.g., a, b, c.

a. Annual vaccination is recommended for all children age 6 months or older.

b. Vaccination is not recommended for immunocompromised children.

c. Trivalent vaccines are preferred over quadrivalent vaccines.

d. Children with neurological disorders are high risk and should have an annual vaccination.

e. Children aged 6 months to 8 years receive their initial vaccine in two doses, 4 weeks apart.

f. Indigenous peoples are identified as high risk and should receive annual vaccinations. -

ANSWER- ANS: A, D, E, F


The Canadian Paediatric Society recommends annual influenza vaccination for all children age 6

months and older and specific high-risk populations (e.g., Indigenous peoples, those with

,neurological disorders, immunocompromised children). Quadrivalent vaccines are preferred over

trivalent vaccines.

When a child has which symptom would the nurse be alert for increased fluid requirements?

a. Fever

b. Mechanical ventilation

c. Heart failure


d. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) - ANSWER- ANS: A


Fever may cause dehydration to develop quickly. The respiratory rate influences insensible fluid

loss and should be monitored in a mechanically ventilated child. Heart failure is a case of fluid

overload in children. ICP does not lead to increased fluid requirements in children.

What type of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss?

a. Isotonic dehydration

b. Isosmotic dehydration

c. Hypotonic dehydration


d. Hypertonic dehydration - ANSWER- ANS: D


Hypertonic dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss. This is the most

dangerous type of dehydration, caused by feeding children fluids with high amounts of solute.

Isotonic dehydration occurs when electrolyte and water deficits are balanced in proportion.

Isosmotic dehydration is another term for isotonic dehydration. Hypotonic dehydration occurs

when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit, leaving the serum hypotonic.

,An infant is brought to the emergency department with poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, and

tachycardia. What are these signs suggestive of?

a. Overhydration

b. Dehydration

c. Sodium excess


d. Potassium excess - ANSWER- ANS: B


These clinical manifestations indicate dehydration. Symptoms of overhydration are edema and

weight gain. Regardless of extracellular sodium levels, total body sodium is usually depleted in

dehydration. Symptoms of hypocalcemia are a result of neuromuscular irritability and manifest as

jitteriness, tetany, tremors, and muscle twitching. These symptoms do not indicate hyperkalemia.

What is often the cause of acute diarrhea?

a. Irritable bowel syndrome

b. Antibiotic therapy

c. Hypothyroidism


d. Hirschsprung's disease - ANSWER- ANS: B


Acute diarrhea is a sudden increase in frequency and change in consistency of stools and may be

associated with antibiotic therapy, upper respiratory or urinary infections, or laxative use.

Hirschsprung's disease and hypothyroidism are usually manifested with constipation rather than

diarrhea. Irritable bowel disease is the cause of chronic diarrhea rather than acute diarrhea.

What is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?

, a. Giardia organisms

b. Shigella organisms

c. Rotavirus


d. Salmonella organisms - ANSWER- ANS: C


Rotavirus is the most common viral pathogen that causes diarrhea in young children. Giardia and

Salmonella are bacterial pathogens that also cause diarrhea. Shigella is a bacterial pathogen that is

uncommon in Canada.

Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

a. Shigella organisms

b. Salmonella organisms

c. Giardia lamblia


d. Escherichia coli - ANSWER- ANS: C


In Canada, the incidence of intestinal parasitic disease, especially giardiasis, has increased among

young children and causes acute diarrhea. Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli are bacterial pathogens,

not parasites.

A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood cells.

These results are most suggestive of what condition?

a. Protein intolerance

b. Parasitic infection

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