NUR 220 Genetics
1. Genes
Answer
Structures that carry the instructions for all our inherited traits, a segment of DNA.
2. Genetics
Answer
Scientific study of heredity, which is the passing of traits of all kinds from biological parents to
their children.
3. Genome
Answer
Entire set of genetic instructions found in a cell. Complete set of genes for species.
4. Genomics
Answer
Study of the organization, function, and evolution of the genome. Human genome project
identified and mapped genes in human genome.
5. Genomic medicine
Answer
Almost all diseases have genetic component. May develop drug therapies targeted to clients'
genetic differences. May identify clients at risk for health problems (prevention/early detection,
more information for genetic counsel- ing).
6. DNA
Answer
Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double helix macromolecule that is the primary carrier of genetic
information
recipes for our proteins.
,7. Chemical composition of DNA
Answer
4 bases
Adenosine, cytosine, guanine, thymine.
8. How do bases pair in DNA?
Answer
Adenosine with thymine (A-T). Cytosine with guanine (C-G).
9. Chromosomes
Answer
Genetic material made up of tightly wound DNA.
10. Locus
Answer
Place on a chromosome where specific genes are arranged in a linear fashion to encode for a
particular protein (their address on the chromosome). Example
The locus for eye color.
11. Allele
Answer
Alternative forms of a gene. One of possible alternate forms of gene coding for a trait. Example
At the locus ("address") for eye color, I have one allele for blue and one allele for brown.
12. Autosomes
Answer
Chromosomes common to both sexes of a species (all other chromosomes than the sex
chromosomes).
, 13. Sex chromosomes
Answer
Chromosome pair that determines sex of species. In hu- mans, females are XX and males XY.
14. Euploidy
Answer
Normal number of chromosomes for species.
15. Aneuploidy
Answer
Aberrant number of chromosomes for species (such as trisomy 21 in Down syndrome).
16. Normal number of chromosomes in human somatic cells
Answer
22 pairs of auto- somes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes = 46 chromosomes. One of each pair from
the mother and one of each pair from the father. Women are 46,XX. Men are 46,XY.
17. Normal number of chromosomes in human gametes (ova and sperm
Answer
22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome = 23 chromosomes.
18. Method of cell division in somatic and germ cells
Answer
Somatic
Mitosis. Germ cells
Meiosis.
19. Genotype
1. Genes
Answer
Structures that carry the instructions for all our inherited traits, a segment of DNA.
2. Genetics
Answer
Scientific study of heredity, which is the passing of traits of all kinds from biological parents to
their children.
3. Genome
Answer
Entire set of genetic instructions found in a cell. Complete set of genes for species.
4. Genomics
Answer
Study of the organization, function, and evolution of the genome. Human genome project
identified and mapped genes in human genome.
5. Genomic medicine
Answer
Almost all diseases have genetic component. May develop drug therapies targeted to clients'
genetic differences. May identify clients at risk for health problems (prevention/early detection,
more information for genetic counsel- ing).
6. DNA
Answer
Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double helix macromolecule that is the primary carrier of genetic
information
recipes for our proteins.
,7. Chemical composition of DNA
Answer
4 bases
Adenosine, cytosine, guanine, thymine.
8. How do bases pair in DNA?
Answer
Adenosine with thymine (A-T). Cytosine with guanine (C-G).
9. Chromosomes
Answer
Genetic material made up of tightly wound DNA.
10. Locus
Answer
Place on a chromosome where specific genes are arranged in a linear fashion to encode for a
particular protein (their address on the chromosome). Example
The locus for eye color.
11. Allele
Answer
Alternative forms of a gene. One of possible alternate forms of gene coding for a trait. Example
At the locus ("address") for eye color, I have one allele for blue and one allele for brown.
12. Autosomes
Answer
Chromosomes common to both sexes of a species (all other chromosomes than the sex
chromosomes).
, 13. Sex chromosomes
Answer
Chromosome pair that determines sex of species. In hu- mans, females are XX and males XY.
14. Euploidy
Answer
Normal number of chromosomes for species.
15. Aneuploidy
Answer
Aberrant number of chromosomes for species (such as trisomy 21 in Down syndrome).
16. Normal number of chromosomes in human somatic cells
Answer
22 pairs of auto- somes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes = 46 chromosomes. One of each pair from
the mother and one of each pair from the father. Women are 46,XX. Men are 46,XY.
17. Normal number of chromosomes in human gametes (ova and sperm
Answer
22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome = 23 chromosomes.
18. Method of cell division in somatic and germ cells
Answer
Somatic
Mitosis. Germ cells
Meiosis.
19. Genotype
