Work study Questions & Answers

Work study Questions & Answers Work study Consists of carrying out production in better ways and exercising control over the outputs of processes by setting standards wrt time. Increases productivity by helping to identify ways to make best use of available resources. Has two parts - method study and time study. Method study Means of improving ways and means of doing things. Systematic investigation regarding existing methods of production in order to develop and install easier and efficient productive methods Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:05 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Time study/ work m/s Step after determination of the most suitable method of doing work from method study, to determine a consistent and truthful measurement of the standard time to complete the work by msing the time reqd to complete a job by a qualified worker at a standard performance level.. Applications of work study (8) 1. Production 2. marketing, sales and distribution 3. construction works 4. agriculture 5. transportation 6. hospital mgmt 7. army organization 8. research, development and design Adv of work study (11) 1. ensures effective utilization of workers, machine and materials 2. streamlines work procedures 3. develop efficient method of production 4. ensures higher productive efficiency 5. ensures accurate delivery date 6. ensures incentives to workers 7. ensures better employer-employee relation 8. ensures better product quality and customer satisfaction 9. ensures neat and clean environment, bettter working condns 10. reduces health hazards to workers 11. ensures effective labor control Procedure for method study (6) 1. Select job to be studied, which won't be obsolete soon and would be used 2. Record all relevant info regarding existing or proposed method in form of a chart. May be process charts, diagrams, Simo chart or models 3. Examine the recorded activities critically for their alternatives. Use What, Who, Where and How. 4. Develop the most practical, economic and effective method acceptable to both workers and management 5. Install, i.e. implement the developed method by shop layout, tool arrangement and worker instruction. Steps 2 and 3 repeated till the adopted method works satisfactorily and with encouraging results. 6. Maintain by periodic re-evaluations Symbols used in process charts (5) 1. operation (circle) 2. transport (right arrow) 3. Storage (gradient) 4. Delay (AND gate) 5. Inspection (square) 6. Combined opn and inspection (circle w/in sq) Outline process chart Records an overall picture of the method and indicates only main events (operation, inspection) in sequence (by arrows). Flow process chart Extended outline process chart which shows O, T, S, D and I. May be man type (actions of workers), material type (usage of materials) or machine type. Distance travelled shown with transport symbol. Flow diagram Shows the paths followed by men and material on a shop diagram drawn to scale in 2D or 3D. Always accompanied with a man or material type flow process chart. Motion Study A part of method study to study the motion of various parts of human body in action of industrial processes. Objectives of motion study are to eliminate useless motions and save time and energy. Combines motions with each other in the most advantageous sequence such that the end of one movement is the starting point for the next movement. Principles of motion economy (3) 1. principle regarding human body: different parts of the body must be moved in such a manner that the job can be done in least possible time and with the least expenditure of energy 2. principle regarding arrangement of the work place: all tools, materials should be placed within easy reach and in front of the worker. there should be sufficient light and fresh natural air in the work place, and it should be neat and clean 3. principle regarding the design of tools and equipments: physical labor of workers minimized by use of power driven tools and equipments, less noisy mcs, etc Procedure of motion study (5) 1. breaking up of operations reqd on the job, along with a list of mcs and equipments needed at each stage 2. systematic critical examination of above list to see where optimization possible in place, sequence, person and means at each stage 3. development of a new method from step 2, which is the most practical, economic and effective method of manufacturing 4. installation in the workshop 5. maintenance of the new developed method, along with regular checking Therblig 18 Elementary motions of the worker limbs in performing manufacturing jobs at the shop level, proposed by the couple Frank Gilbreth and Lilian Gilbreth. They're search, find, select, grasp, hold, transport loaded, transport empty, position, assemble, preposition, use, disassemble, inspect, release load, rest, avoidable delay, unavoidable delay, plan.