NURSING PHARMACOLOGY SEMESTER 1. END SEMESTER EXAM
REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
Components of a prescription - ANSWER- Clients full name, date and time of prescription,
name of medication, dosage of medication, route of administration, time and frequency, signature
of provider.
Six Rights of Safe Medication Administration - ANSWER- Right Client, Right Drug, Right
Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Documentation.
Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER- Chronic illness that results from an absolue or relative
deficiency of insulin, often combined with cellular resistance to insulin's actions.
Rapid-acting - ANSWER- Humalog. Onset less than 15 minutes; peak 30min-1hr; Duration 3-
4 hours
Short-acting - ANSWER- Regular (Humulin R). Onset 30min-1hr; Peak 2-3 hr; Duration 5-7hr
Intermediate-acting - ANSWER- NPH (Humulin N). Onset 1hr; Peak 4-12 hr; duration 18-24
hr.
Long-acting - ANSWER- insulin glargine (Lantus,Levemir). Onset 1hr; has no peak; duration
24hr
The purpose of insulin - ANSWER- promote cellular uptake of glucose, converts glucose into
glycogen, and moves potassium into cells (along with glucose).
, Diabetic Ketoacidosis - ANSWER- One of the most serious complications of hyperglycemia.
Caused by drawing fluid out of the cell into circulation, excreted by kidneys. Results in Polyuria,
dehydration & electrolyte imbalance. This increases fat metabolism and ketones, resulting in
metabolic acidosis.
Hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome - ANSWER- blood glucose level about 600mg/dl
resulting in diabetic coma.
Hypoglycemia acute onset - ANSWER- low blood glucose level. symptoms in include;
tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoreses, shakiness.
Hypoglycemia gradual onset - ANSWER- low blood glucose level. symptoms include;
headache, tremors, weakness,
Metformin (Glucophage) - ANSWER- Reduces production of glucose from the liver by
suppression of gluconeogenesis. In a nut shell it prevents glucose from being made and forces
body to use what is in storage. used as first medication in diabetes 2 because drug does not induce
weight gain or hypoglycemia and has few adverse effects.
Thiazolidinedionesn (Glitazones) - ANSWER- Increase cellular response to insulin by
decreasing insulin resistance.
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Precose, Glyset) - ANSWER- Slows carbohydrate absorption
and digestion.
Hepatotoxicity - ANSWER- Liver toxicity due to drug accumulation. most drugs are
metabolized in the liver and it is vulnerable to drug-induced injury.
REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
Components of a prescription - ANSWER- Clients full name, date and time of prescription,
name of medication, dosage of medication, route of administration, time and frequency, signature
of provider.
Six Rights of Safe Medication Administration - ANSWER- Right Client, Right Drug, Right
Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Documentation.
Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER- Chronic illness that results from an absolue or relative
deficiency of insulin, often combined with cellular resistance to insulin's actions.
Rapid-acting - ANSWER- Humalog. Onset less than 15 minutes; peak 30min-1hr; Duration 3-
4 hours
Short-acting - ANSWER- Regular (Humulin R). Onset 30min-1hr; Peak 2-3 hr; Duration 5-7hr
Intermediate-acting - ANSWER- NPH (Humulin N). Onset 1hr; Peak 4-12 hr; duration 18-24
hr.
Long-acting - ANSWER- insulin glargine (Lantus,Levemir). Onset 1hr; has no peak; duration
24hr
The purpose of insulin - ANSWER- promote cellular uptake of glucose, converts glucose into
glycogen, and moves potassium into cells (along with glucose).
, Diabetic Ketoacidosis - ANSWER- One of the most serious complications of hyperglycemia.
Caused by drawing fluid out of the cell into circulation, excreted by kidneys. Results in Polyuria,
dehydration & electrolyte imbalance. This increases fat metabolism and ketones, resulting in
metabolic acidosis.
Hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome - ANSWER- blood glucose level about 600mg/dl
resulting in diabetic coma.
Hypoglycemia acute onset - ANSWER- low blood glucose level. symptoms in include;
tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoreses, shakiness.
Hypoglycemia gradual onset - ANSWER- low blood glucose level. symptoms include;
headache, tremors, weakness,
Metformin (Glucophage) - ANSWER- Reduces production of glucose from the liver by
suppression of gluconeogenesis. In a nut shell it prevents glucose from being made and forces
body to use what is in storage. used as first medication in diabetes 2 because drug does not induce
weight gain or hypoglycemia and has few adverse effects.
Thiazolidinedionesn (Glitazones) - ANSWER- Increase cellular response to insulin by
decreasing insulin resistance.
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (Precose, Glyset) - ANSWER- Slows carbohydrate absorption
and digestion.
Hepatotoxicity - ANSWER- Liver toxicity due to drug accumulation. most drugs are
metabolized in the liver and it is vulnerable to drug-induced injury.
