NURSING PHARMACOLOGY THE LATEST EXAM EREVISION
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS. (ALREADY GRADED A+)
(2024 UPDATE) 100%
HTN meds - ANSWER- Captopril (ACE inhibitor)
Nefidipine (Ca channel blocker)
Atenolol (beta blocker)
Metoprolol "
Losartan (A2RB)
Clonidine (centrally acting alpha2 agonist)
Heart failure meds - ANSWER- (Diuretics) hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, spironolactone
(Cardiac glycosides/Na-K ATPase inhibitors) digoxin
CAD Meds - ANSWER- atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors = antilipemic)
Nitroglycerin + isosorbide (nitrates = antianginals)
Cardiac dysrhythmias meds - ANSWER- Amiodarone (K-channel blocker)
Captopril - ANSWER- Tx HTN
ACE inhibitor
PO only, give before meals (food lower abs'n)
Side effects : dry cough, hyperkalemia, neutropenia,
,Contra: category D,
Losartan - ANSWER- ARB
Tx HTN
PO only
S.Eff: angioedema (give IV epi), headache, insomnia, severe hypotension
Atenolol - ANSWER- Beta blocker = sympatholytic
Tx HTN
PO + IV best taken before meals/bed; taper dose
S.E: bradycardia (beta1), reduce CO, angina, MI, heart failure
Contra: cardiogenic shock
Metoprolol - ANSWER- Beta blocker (sympatholytic) for HTN
PO or IV; taper dose
Abs'n enhanced w/ food
S.E: bradycardia (beta1), reduce CO, angina, MI, heart failure
Contra: cardiogenic shock
Nifedipine - ANSWER- Ca-channel blocker
Tx HTN
PO only
,Give + beta blocker to prevent tachycardia (but incr risk of heart failure)
S.E: vasodilation (feet leg face), hypotension, gingival hyperplasia
Digoxin - ANSWER- Cardiac glycoside=open Ca channels (ionotropic=incr contractile force)
+ inhibit Na-K ATPase pump (decr impulse= decr HR)
PO or IV
S.E: GI (monitor for vomiting=hypoK) +CNS symptoms + dysrhythmia (from hyperK)
Overdose antidote: digoxin immune FAB (digibind)
Precaution: incr risk for toxicity in hypokalemic pt (low K competing on ATPase=digoxin toxicity)
Clonidine - ANSWER- Centrally acting alpha2 agonist = sympatholytic
Tx HTN
PO : before bedtime
Patch: change every 7 day, rotate sites
S.E: CNS effects, dry mouth, HTN crisis (need to taper doses)
Amiodarone - ANSWER- K-channel blocker
Tx dysrhythmia
PO: same time every day
IV via Central line
, S.E: GI symptoms, pneumonitis, optic neuropathy, blurred vision, bradycardia, hypotension, CNS
eff, blue-grey skin
Contra: cat. D, severe hepatic dz
Interactions: amio incr levels of phenytoin, digoxin, warfarin, statins
Atorvastatin - ANSWER- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors = antilipemic (decr LDL +
triglycerides)
PO only; take w/ food for better abs'n
S.E: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, liver toxicity (jaundice, yellow sclera)
Contra: cat. X, liver/renal dz, MS
Interactions: concurrent use of other cholesterol-lowering drug = myopathy + liver toxicity, +
warfarin= incr risk for bleeding
Furosemide - ANSWER- Loop diuretic
Tx heart failure, edema, HTN (not controlled by other diuretics)
PO w/ food (store in fridge); can give IM
IV undiluted; give slowly (prevent ototoxicity)
Protect all forms from light
S.E: hypo-Na, Cl,K + deH2O'n + hypotension+ototoxicity+hyperglycemia, incr uric acid (in
susceptible pts w/ gout)
Contra: (pre)eclampsia
