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PHARM 124 - Semisolids Exam Questions And Answers
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PHARM 124 - Semisolids Exam Questions And AnswersTotal skin surface area
1.8m2
Every 1cm2 of human skin approximately contains:
o 10 hair follicles
o 12 nerves
o 15 sebaceous glands
o 100 sweat glands
o 3 blood vessels
o 3 million cells
Skin surface pH
5.5 (acid mantle)
epidermis thickness (average, palms and soles, eyelids)
(Average thickness: 200μm)
800μm on palms and soles
60μm on eyelid
Dermis thickness
average thickness: 1-5mm
What happens in the dermis
- drug metabolism
,- Maintains "sink condition" (due to its vasculature)
- where nerves and blood vessels are
Dermatological treatments that target the Skin Surface
• Camouflage or cosmetic preparations
Protective films → barriers, sunscreens
antifungal and antibacterial preparations → Polysporin® (polymyxin B/gramicidin or
bacitracin), Neosporin® (polymyxin B/neomycin
Dermatological treatments that target the Stratum Corneum
emollients and moisturizers (↑ water content)
keratolytics (to remove dead cells)
Dermatological treatments that target the Skin appendages (I.e. hair follicles, glands)
antiperspirants (sweat glands) → aluminum salts
exfoliants (in acne) → salicylic acid, tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide
depilatories → thioglycolates
, antibiotics → clindamycin, tetracycline,
erythromycin
antifungals → clotrimazole, miconazole
Dermatological treatments that target the viable dermis and epidermis
Requires vehicles that can penetrate deeper
• topical steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
• local anesthetic agents
• antihistamines/antipruritic
• anticancer drugs
Dermatological treatments for Systemic Treatment Via Percutaneous absorption
drug must permeate as quickly as possible to be taken up into circulation: transdermal
patches often used
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