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NURSING 100 LCCC-Exam 2 Questions And Answers
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NURSING 100 LCCC-Exam 2Questions And Answers
Integumentary system - Answer - Consists of the skin (largest organ of the body), hair,
nails, and the sebaceous, sweat, and mammary glands.
- IMPORTANT NURSING FUNCTIONS:
1.) Maintaining skin integrity
2.) Promoting wound healing
Impaired skin integrity - Answer Alterations to the dermis and the epidermis.
-Not threat to healthy individuals
-Threat to OLDER ADULTS who have :
1.) Restricted mobility
2.) Chronic illnesses
3.) Trauma
4.) Those who are undergoing invasive healthcare procedures
Influences of Tissue Integrity - Answer 1.) INTERNAL FACTORS- genetics, age, and
underlying health of individual
2.) EXTERNAL FACTORS- activity and injury
Normal Tissue Integrity - Answer The skin performs several essential functions:
1.) Protects underlying tissue from invasion by microorganisms and from trauma.
2.) The nerves in the skin enable the perception of TOUCH, PAIN, PRESSURE, HEAT,
and COLD.
3.) Regulates temperature:
Under the control of the CNS, blood vessels dilate, and sweat secretes from the
eccrine sweat glands, which enable the body to release excess heat.
4.) The sweat glands secrete a solution of water, electrolytes, and urea, which help rid
the body of toxins.
5.) The skin supplements the body's intake of vitamin D by synthesizing this vitamin from
UV light.
, ***Newborns & Infants-> have thinner skin than that of adults, their skin becomes
thicker and less hydrated as they grow and develop.
***Older Adults-> begin to develop thinner, less elastic skin as they age.
Epidermis - Answer outermost part of the skin
1.) In the stratum basale of epidermis:
keratinocytes & melanocytes are. made.
2.) Melanocytes produce melanin which is what accounts of the differences in skin
color. Melanocytes also protect keratinocytes and the nerve endings in the dermis from
damaging effects of UV light.
3.) Keratinocytes- as they mature, they move upward through the epidermal layers,
eventually becoming dead cells at the surface of the skin.
Keratin - Answer A fibrous, water-repellant protein that gives the epidermis its tough ,
protective quality
Dermis - Answer The second layer, deeper layer of the skin.
-Richly supplied with blood cells, nerve fibers, and lymphatic vessels.
-Most of the hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are located here.
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Tissue - Answer Lies below the dermis.
-Serves as both an insulator and a cushion for the body.
-Stores energy in the form of fat
Cultural Considerations in R/T skin color/melanin - Answer - Individuals with light skin
tones produce less melanin than individuals with dark skin tones
- Skin color can vary between ethnicities in conditions such as jaundice, pallor, and
some rashes.
-When assessing patients with dark skin tones for alterations in oxygenation, examine
least pigmented areas such as buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, nail beds and palms of the
hands, or soles of the feet.
- Pallor may present in darker skinned patients as a yellowish-brown tinge or an ashen
gray color.
- Cyanosis may be more prevalent in the nail beds, lips, and buccal mucosa.
- Nurses must not confuse jaundice (a yellowish tinge) with the normal yellow
pigmentation in the sclera of darker skinned patients, may sure to examine baseline skin
color first
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