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Medicine Precise replies for top results.
Alveolar Gas Eq - Answer PAO2 = (760 - 47) FIO2 - PaCO2 (1.25)
CO - Answer SVx HR
SV - Answer Preload x contractility
DO2 - Answer Cardiac output (hemoglobin x Sat%)
Fick's Law of Diffusion - Answer Diffusion = Pressure gradient x area/ Wall thickness
Ohm's Law - Answer MAP= COx SVR
Metabolic tissue demand - Answer CO x (arterial O2= venous O2)
Excessive CO2 - Answer PaCO2 = CO2 produced - minute ventilation
Minute ventilation = respiratory rate x tidal volume (1 - dead space %)
Fluid Flow (Starling) - Answer Fluid flow = K [ (Pin - Pout) - (Oncin - Oncout) ]
Wall tension (force) on heart chambers - Answer Pressure x Rad^4 / Wall thickness
Side effects of Loop Diuretics - Answer Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, pre-renal AKI.
(cirrhotic pt with volume issue)
hearing loss!
Succinylcholine - Answer Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used in rapid sequence
intubation. dont use in hyperkalemia
Osmolal gap - Answer Serum osmo- calc osmo
Cal osmo= 2Na + gluc/18 + BUN/2.8
=ethylene glycol, methanol, propylene glycol with gapped acidosis
Crystal Renal Tubular Obstruction (AKI) - Answer Causes: acyclovir, sulfonamide, MTX,
ethylene glycol, protease inhibitors
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S/S: asymptomatic, inc cre, hematuria/ pyruria/ crystals
Tx: stop drug, fluids
Primary Nephrotic syndrome - Answer FSGS: AA, hispanic, obese, HIV, heroin
Membranous: adeno, NSAIDs, Hep B, SLE
Membranoprolif: Hep B/C. dense C3 deposits
Minimal change: NSAID, lymphoma, kids
IgA: URI, asian
Uric Acid Stones - Answer -Radiolucent (need CT)
-can cause ileus
-needle shaped crystals in urine
Acid-base disorders and compensations - Answer Metabolic acidosis: PaCO2= 1.5
(bicarb) +8 +/-2
Metab alk: inc PaCO2 0.7 per 1 in HCO3
Acute Resp acid: inc HCO3 by 1/ 10 rise PCO2
Acute Resp Alk: Dec HCO3- by 2/ 10 dec PaCO2
Compensation will never bring pH to normal
Aspirin acid base disturbance - Answer respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis
Acute management of Hypernatremia - Answer Free water if euvolemic
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5% dextrose if hypovolemic/ asymptomatic
0.9% NS if hypovolemic/ symptomatic
Adrenal Insuff - Answer Cause: autoimmune, TB (other infections), hemorrhagic, cancer
S/S: shock, fever, N/V, hypoNa, HyperK, hyperCa
Chronic- fatigue, weight loss, anemia
Non-anion gap metab ascidosis!
Dx: ACTH/ cortisol
Uncomplicated Cystitis - Answer S/S: dysuria, frequency, suprapubic tenderness
Tx: nitrofurantoin, trimeth/ sulfameth, fosfomycin
-culture if not responding
Antiphospholipid syndrome - Answer False (+) VDRL, long PTT, thrombocytopenia.
Clots-> abortions
Tx: LMWH
Reversible causes of urinary incontinence in eldery - Answer DIAPPERS
D: delirium
I: infection
A: atrophic vaginitis/ uretheritis
P: pharm
P: psych
E: excessive urine (CHF)
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R: restricted mobility
S: stool impaction
Tdap - Answer At 11, then every 10 yrs
Common Screening Tests - Answer Mammogram: 2 yrs, 50-75
Pap: 3 yrs, 21-65
Colon: 10 yrs, 50-75
HIV: 1 time 15-65
Hyperlipid: 5yrs, Men 35+
HTN: 18+ every 2 yrs
Osteoporosis: women >65
When to suspect primary polydipsia - Answer Hyponatremia
<100 u osmo
psych issues
First step in managing hyperkalemia - Answer insulin and glucose if cardiac stable
Calcium gluconate if cardiac not stable
change meds/ causes if stable
Preventing calcium stones - Answer 1. increase fluid intake
2. THIAZIDES
First generation antihistamines side effects - Answer URINARY RETENTION!
oropharyngeal dryness
