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AVS 3311 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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AVS 3311 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS...
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AVS 3311 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIEDANSWERS
Overall, do we humans compete with livestock for food resources? -
ANSWER no we do not
what percent of products in the store contain high fructose corn syrup? -
ANSWER 85%+
what feedstuffs consumed by feedstock can also be consumed by
humans? - ANSWER grains
legume seeds (pulses)
T/F: It is more efficient for humans to eat food directly than through
livestock. - ANSWER true
each step in the food chain=increased inefficiency
*eat soybean and corn directly, not through eating pigs
pulses - ANSWER edible legume seeds
exs: peas, beans, lentils
legumes - ANSWER a pod, such as that of a pea or bean, that splits into
two valves with the seeds attached to one edge of the valves
exs: forages, peas, beans, lentils
grains definition - ANSWER a small, hard seed or seedlike fruit,
especially that of any cereal plant, as wheat, rice, corn, rye
cereal grains - ANSWER -major dietary source of energy
-ingestion of cereal grains: 10,000 years ag0 (not much time to adapt to
diet, started when stone processing tools appeared for grinding seeds)
how many tons/year of field corn (dent corn) does the US grow? -
ANSWER >364 million tons/year
110 lbs for every person on the planet
US produces 40% of world's corn
12 states in midwest produce 50% of US corn
,70% of corn crop is fed to livestock
is the cost of energy lower in the US for corn and other grains or for
roughages like alfalfa hay and crop residues? - ANSWER lower for
grains
*have to irrigate hay fields=more expensive
what 3 cereal grains make up 75% of the world grain production? -
ANSWER rice
corn
wheat
*provide over 50% of food energy for humans
which countries do not have to worry about human-animal competition
because they have grain surpluses? - ANSWER industrialized countries
of the world
(N. America, Europe, Argentina, Australia)
when cereal grains replaced animal-based diets in hunter-gatherers
what occurred? - ANSWER -reduction in stature
-increase in infant mortality
-reduced lifespan
-increase in infectious diseases
-increase in iron-deficiency anemia
-increase in osteomalacia
-increased dental caries and enamel defects
T/F: without cereal grains, civilization as we know it would not have
developed - ANSWER true
what did use of cereal grains cause? - ANSWER use of large-scale
agriculture for food production
what are our bodies adapted to eat? - ANSWER meat
fruits
vegetables
not cereal grains
,what deficiencies have been caused by cereal grain diets? - ANSWER -
vitamins (thiamin, niacin, B12)
-calcium
-essential amino acids
-fatty acids (high omega 6:omega3 ratio)
in countries where cereal grains are major source of calories, what
occurs? - ANSWER osteomalacia
osteoporosis
rickets
anemia
allergies
why do we need to consume vitamin C everyday? - ANSWER body does
not store it
-without it we can get scurvy
what does the phytic acid in cereal grains do? - ANSWER makes
phosphorus, zinc, iron and other trace minerals unavailable
what are the cereal grain diseases from thiamin deficiency? - ANSWER
pellagra
beriberi
what do cereal grains have in low bioavailability? - ANSWER niacin
pyridoxine
biotin
what's the main reason humans do not compete with animals for food
sources? - ANSWER people are smart enough to feed themselves
before their livestock
historically, what have chickens and pigs been fed? - ANSWER table
scraps
forage
Not grains=no competition
, what does an optimal diet result in? - ANSWER -maximizes health and
longevity
-prevents nutritional deficiencies
-reduces risks for chronic diseases
-composed of foods that are available (cheap), safe and palatable
irony with plant based diets - ANSWER developed nations foster plant
based diets
-developing nations wish they could be rich enough to bring animal
protein into their diets
what improves with improved economic conditions? - ANSWER
increased meat consumption
improved health
how would reducing meat consumption in developed countries affect the
health of people in developing countries? - ANSWER will improve their
health a little through the release of grain for human food
T/F: dietary improvements in developing countries depend on
socioeconomic improvements which will provide more meat options to
consumers - ANSWER true
what are the least competitive livestock? - ANSWER chickens and pigs
chickens - ANSWER omnivore
gramnivores-eat seeds
-primary natural diet is seeds, but will consume grass, insects, worms,
mice, carrion
gramnivore - ANSWER eat seeds
*chicken
swine - ANSWER omnivore
eat vegetation, roots, insects, small animals
*natural diet is not based on eating seeds
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