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PHIL 235 Exam Study Guide.

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PHIL 235 Exam Study Guide. Define ethics - answerstudy of right and wrong in terms of human action 3 branches of ethical theory - answermeta-ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics define meta-ethics - answerquestioning the nature of ethics itself- what do right and wrong actually mean define...

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phil 235 exam study guide

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©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 10:54 PM

PHIL 235 Exam Study Guide.

Define ethics - answer✔study of right and wrong in terms of human action

3 branches of ethical theory - answer✔meta-ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics

define meta-ethics - answer✔questioning the nature of ethics itself- what do right and wrong

actually mean

define normative ethics - answer✔rules and principles which should guide behavior

define applied ethics - answer✔systematic development of fields of ethical theory around

controversial questions

4 branches of normative ethics - answer✔consequentialism, non-consequentialism(deontology),

virtue ethics, ethics of care

definition of consequentialism and main philosopher - answer✔John Stuart Mill- right and

wrong are determined according to expected consequences by weighing expected outcomes and

picking whichever course of action is expected to give the best result

2 ways to determine "best result" in consequentialism - answer✔1) egosim 2) utilitarianism

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 10:54 PM

definition of deontology and main philosopher - answer✔Immanuel Kant- some things are

always right/wrong regardless of consequence

definition of virtue ethics and main philosopher - answer✔Aristotle- not what should i do but

what kind of person should i be

definition of ethics of care - answer✔critique of traditionally male theories centered around

privileging self-interested rational individuals

define morality - answer✔explicit or implicit system of rules that govern the behavior and values

of a certain group of people

define moral philosophy - answer✔study of morality, its concepts, practices and justifications

define ethical subjectivism - answer✔- centered around protecting integrity of individuals rights

for autonomy

-moral facts are not universal

- true arguments do not exist because subjectivism is centered around personal feeling

define ethical relativism - answer✔ethical statements true or false relative to the speakers culture

define ethical objectivism - answer✔there are objective moral facts in the universe not related to

speakers culture or personal feelings

reasons to be skeptical of ethical subjectivism - answer✔fails to allow for moral disagreement

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/3/2024 10:54 PM

reasons to be skeptical of ethical relativism - answer✔fails to allow for any moral judgements

between different cultures, moral progress, customs vs underlying values

Define Hippocratic oath - answer✔guideline for decision making for HCP, not whole followed,

states above all do no harm

Kluge's 4 principles of biomedical ethics - answer✔Autonomy, Nonmaleficence, Beneficence,

Equality/Justice

define Paternalism - answer✔doctor knows best and is in control

Beauchamp and Childress definition of Paternalism - answer✔doctors overriding patients

personal preferences for their perceived goal of benefiting patient

5 things/situations justifying hard paternalism - answer✔- patient is at risk of PREVENTABLE

harm

- paternalistic action will prevent harm

- benefits of paternalistic actions outweigh its risk to the patient

- no reasonable alternative to limitation of autonomy

- least autonomy restricting alternative securing benefits is adopted

morally relevant aspects (4) of HCP/patient relationship - answer✔- medical care service

monopoly

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