2024 AQA A-LEVEL BIOLOGY
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND NATURAL
SELECTION TOPIC 4B EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is genetic diversity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe number of different
alleles of genes in a species or population
What is the founder effect? - CORRECT-ANSWERSIt describes what happens
when a few organisms from a populations start a new colony so there are
only a small number of alleles in their initial gene pool
How can the founder effect occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAs a result of
migration leading to geographical separation, or for another reason such as
religion.
What is natural selection? - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhen organisms with alleles
that help them survive, live whilst those who don't have that allele die out
Explain the process of natural selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS1) individuals
that have an allele that increases their chance of survival are more likely to
survive, reproduce and pass on their genes.
2)This means a greater proportion of the next generation inherits the
beneficial allele
3)They, in turn are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their genes
4)The frequency of the beneficial allele increases from generation to
generation
5)Over generations this leads to evolution as the advantageous alleles
become more common.
What are the types of adaptations? - CORRECT-ANSWERSBehavioural
Physiological
Anatomical
What is a behavioural adaptation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSWays in which an
organism acts that increases its chance of survival and reproduction. For
example playing dead to escape attack.
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