PSYC 388 - Part 1 (Unit 1-4) Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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PSYC 388
PSYC 388 - Part 1 (Unit 1-4) Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Define counselling using the CCPA Definition - answerThe overall aim of counsellors is to
provide an opportunity for people to work towards living more satisfyingly and resourcefully.
Counselling relationships will vary according ...
PSYC 388 - Part 1 (Unit 1-4) Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Define counselling using the CCPA Definition - answer✔The overall aim of counsellors is to
provide an opportunity for people to work towards living more satisfyingly and resourcefully.
Counselling relationships will vary according to need but may be concerned with developmental
issues, addressing and resolving specific problems, making decisions, coping with crisis,
developing personal insights and knowledge, working through feelings of inner conflict or
improving relationships with others.
List the major events that influenced the development of counselling from before 1900 to 2000. -
answer✔Before 1900
-Counselling grew out of humanitarian concern for the lives of those impacted by the Industrial
Revolution Moral Therapy Movement (France/Canada)
-Mental Health Movement (1900-1909) + Clifford Beers (Advocate (with lived experience) for
better mental health facilities and reform in treatment of those with mental illness) Co-founded
CMHA in 1918.
-Vocational Guidance Movement (1900-1909) + Frank Parsons (Choosing a vocation was matter
of knowledge of work, knowledge of self, and matching two together through reasoning)
1910s to 1940s.
-Smith-Hughes Act of 1917: $$$ for vocational guidance and education. 1920s: Edward
Thorndike challenged vocational orientation of counselling, argued for the broadening of
counselling.
-Psychometrics were embraced, which helped the discipline be respected in scientific community
but neglected sociology, biology, anthropology.
-1931: First mention of "counselling" in literature.E.G. Williamson in 1930s:
-First counselling theory, which emphasized direct, counsellor-centered approach and the
counsellor's teaching, mentoring, and influencing skills. Premise: Individuals had traits that
could be integrated in variety of ways to form factors (constellations of individual
characteristics). Counsellor must ascertain a deficiency in the client and then prescribe a
procedure to rectify the problem.
-Late 1930s: WWII created role for psychologists and counsellors in both US and Canada: test
construction, administration, scoring for selecting and classifying military personnel.
-1939: CPA formed by E.A. Bott, George Humphrey, Roy Liddy.
-1942: Carl Rogers published Counselling and Psychotherapy, which challenged the counsellor-
centered approach of Williamson as well as major tenets of Freudian psychoanalysis. He also
emphasized the importance of the client and gave them responsib
Identify and briefly discuss at least five important factors that have influenced the development
of counselling in Canada since 1960. - answer✔1)Community mental health movement, which
helped bring counselling out of education and into mainstream
2) Shift in focus from remediation to prevention and emphasis on positive psychology: growth
and development of persons
3)Recognition and standardization of the counselling discipline
4)Development of and focus on helping skills (relationship, comms) as key to discipline
5)Attention on gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity and what it's like to live in a pluralistic society
Describe the similarities and differences between the history of counselling in the United States
and the counselling movement in Canada. - answer✔Similarities:
WWII: Counsellors and psychologists asked to create, administer, and score tests in an effort to
select, classify military personnel.
Differences:
Counselling grew out of psychology in the U.S. and educational/vocational guidance in Canada.
What are Similarities & Differences between Counselling and Psychotherapy - answer✔the line
is blurred,
psychotherapy - large focus on past, looks at insight more than change
Counselling - development of issues, overcoming problems/inner issues, & coping with
crisis/stress/ problems
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