PSY200 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
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Course
PSY 200
Institution
PSY 200
PSY200 Final Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
Wilhelm Wundt - answerstructuralism; founded the first psychology lab
structuralism - answerworked to reveal the building blocks of consciousness, or a periodic
table of thought
William James - answerfunctionalism
functionalism - answerins...
PSY200 Final Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
Wilhelm Wundt - answer✔structuralism; founded the first psychology lab
structuralism - answer✔worked to reveal the building blocks of consciousness, or a periodic
table of thought
William James - answer✔functionalism
functionalism - answer✔inspired by evoluntionary theory; Interested in why mental processes
exist
introspection - answer✔participants report their own mental processes
John Watson - answer✔behaviorism
behaviorism - answer✔can only study observable behaviors
little albert experiment - answer✔conditioned baby to fear rats (eventually extended to any furry
object)
B.F. Skinner - answer✔how children learn language -- through reinforcement and receive
rewards for speech sounds, then learn more complex utterances
Noam Chomsky - answer✔language is generative; even young children can say or understand a
series of words they've never directly experienced before; difficult to reconcile with behaviorism
cognitive revolution - answer✔can scientifically study internal cognitive processes
phrenology - answer✔pseudoscience that measured bumps on the skull; supposedly indicated
character or mental abilities; never agreed on 'number' of mental organs
homunculus - answer✔tiny man
neurons - answer✔electrically excitable cells; communicate with each other at synapses;
discovered by Santiago Ramon y Cajal
cell body (soma) - answer✔has a nucleus; contains many typical cytoplasmic organelles; carries
out metabolic functions
axon - answer✔hair-like extension; conducts electrical impulses; can be very long
dendrite - answer✔receives inputs from synapse; typically branches into tree-like processes
synapse - answer✔permits neuron to pass electrical signal to another neuron
action potential - answer✔causes release of neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
glial cells - answer✔support and protect neurons
distributed coding - answer✔multiple cells fire in response to a stimulus
each face causes all neurons to fire, but pattern differs
many faces can be represented by the firing of a few cells
hierarchical processing - answer✔from low-level features (e.g. color) to more complex ones
frontal lobe - answer✔thinking, memory, behavior and movement
parietal lobe - answer✔language and touch
temporal lobe - answer✔hearing, learning and feelings
occipital lobe - answer✔vision
cerebellum - answer✔balance and coordination
brain stem - answer✔breathing, heart rate and temperature
lesion studies - answer✔draw causal inferences from patient with tissue damage, or lesions, due
to injury or illness
Phineas Gage - answer✔Foreman working on railroad. Premature blast propelled iron rod
through his skull. Damaged left frontal lobe, left him disinhibited
Henry Molaison (HM) - answer✔severe epilepsy; bilateral resection of medial temporal lobes
couldn't form new long-term memories (anterograde amnesia)
short-term and procedural memory intact
Kent Cochrane (KC) - answer✔motor cycle accident; bilateral hippocampal loss
couldn't remember events from his personal past (episodic memory)
knowledge about the world (semantic memory) intact
single dissociation - answer✔patients with a lesion and control group differ on a behavioral task
Wernicke's aphasia - answer✔receptive aphasia-- can't understand words (word salad)
Broca's aphasia - answer✔expressive aphasia-- can't produce words
limitations of lesion studies - answer✔1. statistical power (small samples)
2. no data about patient's cognitive functioning before neurological event
3. confounds due to source of damage
Transcranial magnetic stimulation - answer✔strong, rapidly changing magnetic field is generated
over the scalp through a set of coils; creates a temporary lesion
Pros: advantages of lesions (allows causal inferences), noninvasive
Cons: can only target superficial cortical areas, simulates regions other than target,
uncomfortable
electroencephalogram - answer✔measures event-related potentials at the scalp
small voltage fluctuations triggered by cognitive or sensory events
Pros: good temporal resolution, inexpensive
Cons: coarse spatial resolution
Functional magnetic resonance imaging - answer✔scanner measures blood oxygenation level-
dependent (BOLD) signal
active brain regions use more oxygen
Pros: great spatial resolution, can identify network of regions associated with a task
Cons: low temporal resolution, indirect measure of neuronal activity
sensation - answer✔the physical stimulation of sensory receptors
perception - answer✔interpreting this sensory information
sensory adaptation - answer✔after constant exposure to stimulus it can become undetectable
synesthetes - answer✔experience involuntary perception that cross over sensory modalities
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