QMHA – MENTAL DISORDERS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ADHD - A chronic pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Subtypes of ADHD: ANSWER mainly hyperactive/impulsive, mainly
inattentive, or a combination of the two.
Bipolar or associated diseases cause unusual, severe changes in mood and
activity levels, ranging from very cheerful, irritable, and impulsive to intense
despair and hopelessness.
A manic episode is an excessively elevated, expansive, or irritated mood
accompanied by increased energy or activity that significantly hampers
functioning.
A hypomanic event is similar to a manic episode but not severe enough to cause
substantial social or career issues.
A major depressive episode is characterized by prolonged depression or a loss
of interest or pleasure.
Mixed state - ANSWER incorporates symptoms from both a manic and a
serious depression episode.
Bipolar I - ANSWER: having at least one manic episode in one's life.
Bipolar II - ANSWER: More frequent depressive episodes, as well as a
hypomanic episode, but no full-blown manic episode.
Cyclothymic disorder or cyclothymia is a diagnosis used to describe a minor
type of bipolar disorder.
Depressive illnesses are characterized by a gloomy, hopeless, empty, or irritated
mood, as well as physical and cognitive abnormalities that significantly impair
everyday functioning.
, Major depressive illness is described as having a depressed mood for the
majority of the day and a significant lack of interest or pleasure, among other
symptoms, for at least two weeks. May appear angry rather than sorrowful.
MDD causes include genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder is diagnosed in children who exhibit a frequent
and persistent pattern of anger or irritability, argumentative/defiant behaviour,
or vindictiveness.
Symptoms of ODD include anger/irritability, argumentative/defiant behaviour,
and vindictiveness. Frequently resentful and easily annoyed.
Conduct Disorder is a continuous pattern of disruptive and violent behaviours
that violate others' basic rights or age-appropriate social norms or standards,
causing severe impairment in the child's or family's everyday life.
Conduct disorder temperamental risk factors include developmental issues in
infancy and below-average IQ. Other disorders include ADHD, learning
impairments, and depression.
Conduct disorder environmental risk factors - ANSWER: severe or inconsistent
child-rearing approaches, as well as child maltreatment. Parental criminality,
frequent caregiver turnover, high family sizes, familial psychopathology, and
early institutionalization.
Risk factors for conduct disorder in the community include neighbourhood
violence exposure, peer rejection, and connection with a delinquent peer group.
Symptoms of conduct disorder include violence toward people and animals,
destruction of property, deception or theft, and major infractions of regulations.
OCD is characterized as the presence of persistent intrusive and unpleasant
thoughts, urges, or visions, as well as repetitive and ritualistic behaviours that a
person believes are necessary to control obsessions (compulsions).