Unlock the intricate world of viruses with this meticulously crafted set of lecture notes on virology, ideal for undergraduate and graduate students alike. This document serves as a comprehensive guide that dives deep into the fundamental concepts and advanced topics within the field of virology.
Introduction
Why study Viruses?
One main motivation for the study of viruses is the fact that they cause many
important infectious diseases, among them the common cold, influenza,
rabies, measles etc.
Once we understand their structure and how they cause disease we can then
design drugs to target viral infections. Viruses can be used for gene therapy,
vaccines and diagnosis.
➢ New viruses arise at any time
➢ Prevent and cure infection (vaccines, drugs)
➢ Control biological pests
➢ Treatment for cancers
➢ Help understanding of cells
How might you discover a virus?
Immuno-fluorescent assay
Antibody testing
Electron microscopy
How might virus have been discovered in the 1890s?
In 1890s viruses were discovered because they can be filtered. Virus filtration
uses a membrane barrier to retain virus particles. It is a size-based removal
method which uses a specifically designed polymeric membrane to retain
virus particles on the surface and within the pores of the membrane.
Filterable infectious agents which depend on host organism for replication.
Extracts of an infected tobacco plant diluted into sterile medium produced
no additional infectious agents. Bacteria readily grew in the sterile media.
- First needed to be inoculated into leaves of healthy plants which then
developed TM disease.
- Serial transmission by diluted extracts- established the disease was not
due to bacterial toxin.
- Distinguished the reproductive and physical properties of the TM and
FMD agents.
If viruses are so small, how can we see them and why would we want to?
We can see them through electron microscope. We can only look at the virus
and study it. Without knowing its structure we can't develop vaccine and also
know how it infects and causes disease. It also help to distinguish between
two different types of viruses in order to treat it accurately.
If we consider viruses 'take over the cell factory' in order to replicate,
where do the virus instructions to the cell come from?
The virus hijack the cell and insert its DNA either into the cell genome or the
RNA is reverse transcripted into cDNA, this copy then integrates into the
cellular genome. But not all viral genome integrate into cellular genome. The
instructions come from the genetic codes of the virus itself.
Is a virus alive?
Viruses can't metabolise by themselves as they're inert and they can't
reproduce by themselves. But they can survive, stay intact and still have the
capacity to infect one even when they're not in a host.
Intro Page 1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Lakuscholars. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.86. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
