Exam (elaborations)
Bio 100 final exam 20,22,23 Review Questions and Answers Solved
- Course
- Bio 114
- Institution
- Arizona State University
Bio 100 final exam 20,22,23 Review Questions and Answers Solved
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Bio 100 final exam 20,22,23✅✅
List two ways that scientific names are different from common names for organisms. -
-Scientific names offer a specific name for an organism that is recognized
regardless of language barriers. Unless you speak Latin , the scientific names for
organisms are in Latin unlike other native languages such as English, Spanish, French,
or Mandarin. There is also a method to which the organism is made and is made up of
several categories. Lastly, the scientific name for an organism can be changed where
as a common word for a pet or well known animal will rarely if ever change.
✅✅
Who designed the present-day system of classification? How does this system differ
from the previous system? - -Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish doctor of the 1700s,
began the usage of binomial system of nomenclature to classify different species. This
system is the use of two Latin names, genus and the specific epithet, to refer to the
species; this system was much more specific and concise compared to the previously
used polynomial Latin system of classification which used several words to identify the
species.
What are the goals of taxonomy and phylogeny? - ✅✅-Taxonomy is the science of
naming organisms and grouping them into logical categories. Phylogeny shows the
evolutionary relationship between one or more organisms and influences how different
species are grouped in taxonomy. Phylogeny and Taxonomy work together to provide a
compatible and logical note of differing organisms.
Name the different categories of the classification system. - ✅✅-Domain, Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
✅✅
Describe 4 kinds of evidence used by scientists to place organisms into a logical
phylogeny - -The location and dating of fossils, the comparison of anatomy
between living and dead organisms, the comparison of life cycles and biochemical and
molecular studies.
List two ways that Bacteria and Archaea differ. - ✅✅ -Unlike bacteria, Archaea do not
have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. In addition to this the DNA of Archaea has a large
proportion of genes that are different from those included in Eukaryotes and Bacteria
Describe two distinctly different ways that Bacteria obtain energy. - ✅✅-The oxidation
of organic compounds and photosynthesis
Describe two distinctly different ways that Archaea obtain energy. - ✅✅-By breaking
down molecules in their environment and for some photosynthesis
✅✅
List the 4 kingdoms of the domain Eukarya and give two distinguishing characteristics
for each. - -Animals: All animals are capable of sexual reproduction and some of
the less complex animals produce asexually. In addition to this, all animals are
heterotrophic and multicellular.
Plants: nonmotile, and obtain energy via chlorophyll in the process photosynthesis
Fungi: a thin yet rigid cell wall containing chitin, and non-photosynthetic ( most are
, ✅✅
Which of the following groups of organisms contain members that are autotrophic:
Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia? - -Plantae, bacteria,
archaea, and Protista
Why do viruses invade only specific types of cells? - ✅✅ -Viruses typically want to
bond with a cell that will 1 accept it, and 2 provide it with the necessary tools to
reproduce/survive. One thing that allows the virus to interact with the cell is the viral
receptor.
Describe how viruses reproduce. - ✅✅ -The virus attaches to and enters the cell. The
virus then releases its genetic material into the cell. The cell's enzymes copy the viral
DNA and transcribe it into RNA. Ribosomes translate the RNA into viral proteins and
recombine to form new viral particles. The new viruses escape from the cell to infect
other cells.
Describe how viruses and viroids differ in structure. - ✅✅ -A virus is an acellular
infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid and a protein coat. Where as, a viroid is an
infectious particle composed solely of a small RNA strand in the form of a loop.
What is the chemical structure of a prion - ✅✅-A prion is an infected protein and has
the structure of a protein.
How does a prion cause disease? - ✅✅ -A prion protein can cause the host to suffer in
different ways. For example, the protein could infect a previously stable protein causing
it to pass on further and further. Eventually they can link up and suffocate different cells.
However they cannot infect every protein, and the type of prion looks for a specific
protein sequence which you may or may not have.
How many species are estimated to be living on earth? - ✅✅-1.5 million species have
been named but 10-50 billion is the estimated ammount
What is the estimated age of the Earth? - ✅✅-4.5 billion years
✅✅
Type of symbiotic relationship wherein the actions of one individual harms another? -
-Parasitism
List three characteristics shared by all plants. - ✅✅-Multi-cellulair, eukaryote , cell wall
made of cellulose
✅✅
Which generation in the plant life cycle is haploid and which is diploid? -
-Gametophyte: haploid , Sporophyte: diploid
✅✅
What reproductive cells do sporophytes produce? Are these structures haploid or
diploid? - -Sporophyte: haploid spores
✅✅
What reproductive cells do gametophytes produce? Are these structures haploid or
diploid? - -Gametophyte: sperm and egg cells (haploids)
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