Objective: The majority of chemical reactions do not result in a 100% yield of products
due to experimental technique or design, but rather due to the chemical properties of
the reaction. It is implied that a chemical system has attained dynamic equilibrium when
a reaction appears to stop before a 100% yield is realized. When the rate at which the
reactants combine to form products equals the rate at which the products combine to
re-form the reactants, the requirement for all reversible processes is satisfied.
Using Le Chatelier's Principle, a chemical system in equilibrium will adapt itself in a way
that will relieve the stress if an external stress is added to it (such as a common ion, a
change in concentration, a change in temperature, etc.).
Procedure:
System 1:
Saturated solution of ammonium chloride:
A 3 mL sample of 𝑁𝑎4𝐶𝑙 solution should be placed in a little test tube, Add 4 to 5 drops
of 12M concetrated HCl, until changes happen. Keep track of the discovery. Add solid
𝑁𝑎4𝐶𝑙 crystals to a second test tube. Dissolve the 𝑁𝑎4𝐶𝑙 in one or two droppers of
distilled water in the test tube. Touch the Test tube note how the test tube feel and Put
the test tube in a hot water bath and wait until something changes. Keep track of the
discovery.
System 2:
Methyl violet indicator solution
Get a well plate and put approximately 5 drops of methyl violet indicator in each of the
three wells (one well will be used as color reference). When a change happens,
gradually add 6M HCl to one of the wells. Keep a record of your observations. One
more of the wells can be treated by adding a few drops of 1M NaOH solution until a
change takes place. Keep a record of your observations. Then, add drops of the 1M
NaOH solution until a change is observed in the first well where the HCl was added.
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