Class notes
Psy 228 Chapter 5 Lecture Notes
- Course
- PSY228
- Institution
- Harper College
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Chapter 5; Newtonian(17th-18th Enlightenment). *Essential!!
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Name: sarah landerSemester: 6th Semester 2023
CHAPTER V Newtonian
- LB NEWTONIAN (17-18th enlightenment)
- In Europe people believed in human reasoning and experience and replaced religious authority and
in general so it was like there was rationalized thinking interspersed with empirical experience. Then
in this era there was Newton who used the basis of physics, commonly called something explained
based on causality (cause and effect).
- Psychologists of this era conceptualized psychology as an explanation of causality in a mechanistic
form so it's like seeing humans as machines which consist of the smallest units to achieve certain
goals. This assumption was inspired by the paradigm of how Newton explained the physics of the
theory of universal gravitation.
- According to Newton, psychology is divided into the smallest units to achieve complex goals.
- Mechanistic causality > cause and effect because the second gear can move because of the first gear
(clock analogy)
- An adequate scientific explanation for newtonians is that it must be universal (provide explanations
for all phenomena in a particular field).
- Newton speculated that human behavior and nature could be explained based on mathematical laws
that are "atomistic (something can stand alone regardless of the existence of other things, for example:
wood, what is in wood? There is carbon, there are fibers. Well, if for example there is no carbon, there
is still wood. Except reductive, explaining something with a lower level (reasonable, realistic), for
example: cole is angry because he has neurotransmitters adrenaline out so that it makes cole's
behavior change so that he is angry with tiara)"
- Newtonia encourages progress in science to be achieved by using theoretical unification so it's like
combining or unifying theories that are not relevant to each other but can explain a discipline. For
example: about a bad relationship with the family is the concept and there are several theories about it
such as attachement, the solution is conflict avoidance, then there is Bolbi's attachment style theory
which says that if a child is raised from an insecure family, it will produce avoidance attachment
behavior so that he will not be attached to others. On the other hand, there is the concept of Freud's
defence mechanism where individuals have a defence mechanism avoid to reduce tension, then there
are other ways why people avoid because they intimidate the people around them, such as seeing their
father conflict with their mother in silence, then their children imitate them. From the theory" can
explain the concept of avoid actually) > science progresses
- Newtonian became the forerunner of empirical (real objects that can be seen directly and can be
captured by the senses) and positivist (can be verified mathematically)
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