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IMM250 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS

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IMM250 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS Mechanisms through which neutrophils can kill microbes - Answer- - Antimicrobial peptides - Lysozyme - ROS (reactive oxygen species) - respiratory burst Reactive oxygen species - Answer- ROS are powerful oxidizing factors that kill pa...

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  • October 21, 2024
  • 15
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • imm250
  • imm250 practice exam questions

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  • IMM250
  • IMM250

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IMM250 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS

Mechanisms through which neutrophils can kill microbes - Answer- - Antimicrobial
peptides
- Lysozyme
- ROS (reactive oxygen species) - respiratory burst

Reactive oxygen species - Answer- ROS are powerful oxidizing factors that kill
pathogens

- One way that phagocytes kill bacteria is by formation of NADPH oxidase from the
combination of subunits(p67, p47, p40 and p22, gp91) which, with O2 forms ROS.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) - Answer- X-linked mutation affecting NADPH
oxidase causing dysfunctioning neutrophils and unable to generate of ROS - so unable
to kill pathogen

3 types of granulocytes - Answer- 1. Neutrophils - pinkish
2. Eosinophils - orange
3. Basophils - purple

Degranulating cells - Answer- for killing of large pathogens

responsible for immediate allergy symptoms to eject parasites from the body, but cause
symptoms of allergy

Mast cells
Basophils
Eosinophils

Cause vasodilation, mucus production, itching and gut mobility

mast cells - Answer- contain granules but not a granulocyte bc not found in blood (is in
tissues)

basophils - Answer- - granulocyte
- least common WBC
- in blood
- produce histamine

, Eosinophils - Answer- - granulocyte
- found in blood but sometimes tissue
- granules contain toxic cationic proteins

FcERI-mediated degranulation of mast cells - Answer- When allergen binds with IgE,
attached on Fc receptor of mast cell. cell is activated and release granules which cause
allergic symptoms

vascular changes in acute inflammation induced by inflammatory cytokines - Answer- -
dilation of vessels
- Increase permeability
- Increase expression of adhesion molecules that trap white blood cells

These changes allow the WBC to rapidly go to the site of infection

chemokines - Answer- A family of small chemotactic cytokines that act to attract other
leukocytes to the site where they are produced

Pro-inflammatory cytokines - Answer- IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor
(TNF), others.
And IL-8, also known as CXCL8 (a chemokine)

3 Pathways of the complement system - Answer- 1. lectin pathway
2. classical pathway
3. alternative pathway

Effector function of complement - Answer- 1. opsonization (C3B) and phagocytosis of
microbes
2. Recruitment of Leukocytes and sites of infection (C3a and C5a)
3. Lysis of bacteria (C5b-9)

C1 inhibitor (C1INH) - Answer- inhibits the activation of C1 complex.

Dissociates C1r/C1s dimers from C1q, and MASP-1/MASP-2 dimers from MBL

This inhibits the classical and lectin pathways of activation

Hereditary Angiodema - Answer- - caused by Genetic deficiency of C1INH.
- Causes swelling

Antiviral function of type I interferons (Type I IFNs) - Answer- Type I IFNs are produced
by virus-infected cells. They bind to the IFN receptor expressed by most cell types and
induce in them an antiviral state.

Type I interferons - Answer- - Antiviral function

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