Continuously generates electrical impulses for a normal rhythm and rate Coined the natural
pacemaker
2. AV Node
The secondary pacemaker of the heart.
Provides electrical impedance from the atria when pacemaker is not working = rhythms such as
a-fib, etc.
3. Ejection Fraction (EF)
percent of end diastolic volume ejected with each heart- beat (left ventricle)
4. Cardiac Output
amount of blood pumped by ventricle in liters per minute
5. Troponin
,Laboratory Test that is an indicator of myocardial injury. Is not an indicator of heart attacks.
6. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Laboratory Test that indicates how severe heart failure is.
7. C-reactive protein
Laboratory Test that indicates inflammation
8. Hardwire
Heart monitor that is applied by the nurse and monitored by the nurse.
9. Telemetry
Heart monitor that is applied by the nurse, but monitored by a teleme- try tech.
10. Holter Monitor
Also known as ambulatory monitoring. This is a heart monitor placed on a patient that they can
go home with. After a few days, the monitor it brought back.
,11. Exercise Stress test
•Patient walks on treadmill with intensity progressing according to protocols
• ECG, V/S, symptoms monitored
• Terminated when target HR is achieved
12. Pharmacological Stress Testing
Vasodilating agents given to mimic exercise to stress the heart.
13. echocardiogram (ECHO)
•Noninvasive ultrasound test that is used to
• Measure the ejection fraction
• Examine the size, shape, and motion of cardiac structures
14. Cardiac catheterization
•Invasive procedure used to diagnose structural and functional diseases of the heart and great
vessels
15. 2-6 hours
, Post cardiac catheterization, how many hours should the patient remain on bed rest?
16. Kidney
For patients with issues, post-catheterization, nurse should
monitor for contrast-induced nephropathy.
17. A. Hypovolemia
A client has been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after an ischemic stroke, and a
central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring line was placed. The nurse notes a low CVP. Which
condition is the most likely reason for a low CVP?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Myocardial infarction (MI)
C. Left-sided heart failure
D. Aortic valve regurgitation
18. B. A 20-year-old client
While auscultating a client's heart sounds, the nurse hears an extra heart sound immediately
after the second heart sound (S2). An audible S3 would be considered an expected finding in
which client?
A. A 47-year-old client
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