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2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTION 100%
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2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTION 100%
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2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGYEXAM 1 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTION
100%
Etiology - CORRECT-ANSWERSCause of particular disease on microscopic
level
Pathogenesis - CORRECT-ANSWERSStory of how disease develops
Atrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSDecrease in the size of the cells, results in
reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncrease in cell size, results in enlarged
tissue mass
Hyperplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERSIncreased number of cells, results in
enlarged tissue mass
Types of Chromosomal Disorders - CORRECT-ANSWERSDown's Syndrome,
Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome
Down's Syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSTrisomy 21
Turner Syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSOnly affects females, short stature,
infertility, XO
Klinefelter Syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSOnly affects males, develop
breasts and small testes, extra X chromosome present XXY
Intracellular Fluid - CORRECT-ANSWERSFluid inside the cell, accounts for 2/3
of body water
Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT-ANSWERSFluid outside the cell, IVF
(intravascular fluid or blood plasma), ISF (interstitial fluid or fluid between
tissues and blood), CSF, and Transcellular fluid (Synovial, Pericardial cavities)
Hydrostatic Pressure - CORRECT-ANSWERSPush, typically happens at the
arterial level
, Osmotic Pressure - CORRECT-ANSWERSPull, typically on the veinous level,
wherever the waste needs to be eliminated from the body
Isotonic Solutions - CORRECT-ANSWERSCompletely balanced solutions,
blood, NS
Hypotonic Solutions - CORRECT-ANSWERSLess solute so its less
concentrated, only a few pepper flakes, 0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS)
Give this to dehydrated pt
Hypertonic Solutions - CORRECT-ANSWERSMore solute, so its more
concentrated, lots of pepper flakes, 3.0-5.0% NaCl
Give this to cerebral edema pt
Na+ Normal Range - CORRECT-ANSWERS135-145 mEq/L
K+ Normal Range - CORRECT-ANSWERS3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Cl- Normal Range - CORRECT-ANSWERS98-106 mEq/L
Ca2+ Normal Range - CORRECT-ANSWERS8.5-10.5 mEq/L
Mg2+ Normal Range - CORRECT-ANSWERS1.4-2.1 mEq/L
Hyponatremia - CORRECT-ANSWERSLow sodium due to rapid dehydration
Hypernatremia - CORRECT-ANSWERSHigh sodium, slower dehydration, ex:
old person who can't get up to drink water frequently enough
Hypokalemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSLow potassium, cardiac arrhythmia, leg
cramping, decreased bowel sounds
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSHigh potassium, cardiac arrest, muscle
weakness, hyperactive bowel sounds
Hypocalcemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSweak bones and teeth, severe muscle
cramping, Trousseau and Chvostek signs, caused by not ingesting enough
calcium or vitamin D
Hypercalcemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSlethargy, bone pain, may be indicative
of bone cancer, immobility, bone deteriorates
hypomagnecemia - CORRECT-ANSWERStremors, tachycardia, confusion
hypermagnecemia - CORRECT-ANSWERSvasodialation, nausea, emesis,
hypotensive, cardiac arrest
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