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Counselen volledige samenvatting met inhoudstafel
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Inhoud1. Ontwikkeling van de hulpverlening....................................................................5
2. Counselen in Vlaanderen/ België........................................................................6
3. Counselen: vertrekpunten.................................................................................. 6
4. Wat doen counselors (niet)?............................................................................... 7
5. Waar werken counselors?................................................................................... 8
6. De competenties van een counselor..................................................................9
7. De effectiviteit van counselen............................................................................ 9
8. Een open houding............................................................................................. 11
9. Het samenwerkingsverband............................................................................. 12
9.1. De initiële relatie........................................................................................ 12
9.2. Relatie tijdens het counselingsproces........................................................13
9.2.1. Echte relatie......................................................................................... 13
9.2.2. Creëren van positieve verwachtingen..................................................15
9.2.3. Participeren in activeren tot verandering.............................................15
9.3. Op het einde/ na een counselingsproces....................................................15
9.3.1. Betere kwaliteit van leven....................................................................16
9.3.2. Reductie van klachten:.........................................................................16
10. Empowerment als houding............................................................................. 16
11. Algemeen: wat is het diagnostisch proces......................................................17
12. Fasen van het diagnostisch proces.................................................................17
12.1. Aanmelding.............................................................................................. 17
12.2. Inventariseren klachten............................................................................18
12.3. Hulpvragen vastleggen............................................................................ 18
12.4. Probleemdefiniëring................................................................................. 19
12.5. Verklaringen zoeken................................................................................. 19
12.6. Advies bedenken (mogelijkheden)...........................................................20
12.7. Adviesgesprek.......................................................................................... 21
13. Het diagnostisch proces in de praktijk............................................................23
14. Het model van Egan (aanvulling op diagnostische cyclus)............................24
14.1. Fase 1: het huidige beeld.........................................................................25
14.2. Fase 2: Het gewenste beeld.....................................................................26
14.3. Fase 3: plan van actie............................................................................... 26
14.4. De actiepijl............................................................................................... 27
15. Het counselingsmodel.................................................................................... 28
15.1. Diagnostiek.............................................................................................. 28
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Counselen 2024-2025
, 15.2. Beginfase................................................................................................. 28
15.3. Actiefase.................................................................................................. 29
15.4. Bestendiging............................................................................................ 29
15.5. Finetuning & terugvalpreventie................................................................29
15.6. Afscheid.................................................................................................... 29
16. Monitoring tijdens het counselingsproces.......................................................29
16.1. ROM.......................................................................................................... 30
16.2. RPM.......................................................................................................... 31
17. Algemeen counselingssessie..........................................................................34
18. Verloop counselingssessie.............................................................................. 34
18.1. Verloop – smalltalk................................................................................... 34
18.2. Verloop – rapportage afgelopen periode – vaststellen van de agenda.....34
18.3. Verloop – kern........................................................................................... 35
18.4. Verloop – afsluiten.................................................................................... 35
19. Methodieken en technieken in een intake......................................................35
20. Definiëring systematische taxatie..................................................................36
21. Perspectieven op problemen..........................................................................37
22. Systematische invalshoek.............................................................................. 38
23. Eigenschappen van de systeemtheorie..........................................................38
23.1. Circulaire causaliteit (unicausaliteit/ lineaire causaliteit).........................38
23.2. Het geel is meer dan de som van de delen..............................................38
23.3. Een systeem wordt geleid door regels.....................................................39
23.4. Het systeem streeft naar homeostase......................................................39
23.5. Er is sprake van circulaire feedback-processen........................................39
23.6. Het principe van de equifinaliteit, equipotentialiteit, multicausaliteit en
multifinaliteit..................................................................................................... 40
24. Systemische benaderingen............................................................................ 40
24.1. Cybernetische systeemgerichte benadering............................................40
24.2. Structurele systeemgerichte benadering.................................................40
24.3. Strategische systeemgerichte benadering...............................................42
24.4. Contextuele systeemgerichte benadering................................................46
25. Stadia van verandering.................................................................................. 46
25.1. Stadia van verandering – precontemplatie...............................................47
25.2. Stadia van verandering – contemplatie....................................................48
25.3. Stadia van verandering – Voorbereiding...................................................49
25.4. Stadia van verandering – actie.................................................................49
25.5. Stadia van verandering – onderhoud en hervalpreventie.........................50
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Counselen 2024-2025
,26. Motivationele gespreksvoering (MG) – introductie..........................................51
26.1. Motivationele gespreksvoering (MG) – Principes......................................51
26.1.1. Principe 1: empathie uitdrukken (zie gesprekstechnieken PH1).........51
26.1.2. Principe 2: veer mee met de weerstand.............................................52
26.1.3. Principe 3: ambivalentie ontwikkelen/ versterken..............................52
26.1.4. Principe 4: versterken van zelf-effectiviteit........................................52
26.2. Motivationele gespreksvoering (MG) – gesprekstechnieken.....................52
26.3. Motivationele gespreksvoering (MG) – verandertaal................................53
26.4. Motivationele gespreksvoering (MG) – socratische dialoog......................53
26.4.1. Socratisch dialoog – vorm 1: Columbo-techniek.................................54
26.4.2. Socratisch dialoog – vorm 2: Advocaat van de duivel-techniek..........54
26.4.3. Socratisch dialoog: Meten met 2 maten – techniek............................55
26.5. Motivationele gespreksvoering – voor en tegens.....................................55
26.6. Motivationele gespreksvoering – voorbereiden op tegenslagen...............55
27. Uitgangspunt.................................................................................................. 56
28. Klassieke conditionering................................................................................. 56
28.1. Wat........................................................................................................... 56
28.2. Belangrijke begrippen.............................................................................. 57
28.3. Klassieke conditionering en psychologische problemen...........................57
29. Operante conditionering................................................................................. 58
29.1. Wat........................................................................................................... 58
29.2. Functie – analyse...................................................................................... 59
30. Tweefactoren model....................................................................................... 59
31. Aanpak psychische problemen.......................................................................60
32. Uitgangspunt: schema’s................................................................................. 60
33. Ontstaan van psychologische problemen.......................................................62
34. Aanpak psychologische problemen................................................................62
34.1. Rationele-emotieve therapie (RET; Ellis)..................................................62
34.2. Cognitieve therapie (Bleck)......................................................................63
35. Technieken uit de WC’s................................................................................... 65
35.1. Psycho-educatie....................................................................................... 66
35.2. In kaart brengen van niet-helpende gedachten........................................66
35.2.1. G-keten.............................................................................................. 66
35.2.2. Neerwaartse pijltechniek....................................................................67
35.3. Uitdagingen van niet-helpende gedachten...............................................68
35.3.1. Cognitieve herstructurering...............................................................68
35.3.2. Taartpunttechniek.............................................................................. 69
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Counselen 2024-2025
, 35.3.3. Meerdimensioneel evalueren.............................................................70
35.3.4. Historische toets................................................................................ 71
36. Inleiding.......................................................................................................... 72
36.1. Wat zijn lichaamsgerichte technieken?.....................................................72
36.2. Wanneer inzetten?................................................................................... 72
36.3. Randvoorwaarden.................................................................................... 72
37. Werking lichaamsgerichte technieken (psycho-educatie)...............................73
37.1. Stress....................................................................................................... 73
37.2. Window of tolerance................................................................................. 75
38. Specifieke lichaamsgerichte technieken.........................................................75
38.1. Ademhalingstechnieken........................................................................... 75
38.2. Mindfulness.............................................................................................. 76
38.3. Geleide fantasie....................................................................................... 77
39. Wat is wandelcounseling................................................................................ 78
40. Basiswandeling............................................................................................... 78
41. Inleiding.......................................................................................................... 79
41.1 Kenmerken cliëntgerichte invalshoek........................................................79
41.2. Ontstaangeschiedenis.............................................................................. 79
42. Zelfactualisatietendens.................................................................................. 80
42.1. Wat is de zelfactualisatietendens.............................................................80
42.2. Meest gunstige omstandigheden voor zelfactualisatie.............................80
42.3. Hoe kunnen psychologische problemen ontstaan....................................81
43. Emoties/ beleving centraal............................................................................. 83
43.1. Emoties als innerlijk kompas....................................................................83
43.2. Emotionele bewustwording op verschillende niveaus..............................84
43.3. Soorten emoties....................................................................................... 85
43.4. Emotieregulatie........................................................................................ 85
43.5. Hoe kunnen psychologische problemen ontstaan....................................86
43.6. Hoe kunnen psychologische problemen aangepakt worden.....................86
44. Creatieve technieken...................................................................................... 87
44.1. Niet louter gelinkt aan cliëntgerichte invalshoek.....................................87
44.2. Voelen met je lichaam.............................................................................. 88
44.3. Soorten creatieve technieken...................................................................88
44.3.1. Beeldende technieken........................................................................88
44.3.2. Speltechnieken en werken met poppen.............................................88
44.3.3. muzikale technieken.........................................................................88
44.3.4. Talige technieken – metaforen............................................................89
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Counselen 2024-2025
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