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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2causes of thrombus - ANSWERS-Triad of Virchow- injury to blood vessels,
abnormality in blood flow, hypercoagulability
some medications increase risks
discuss macrocytic, microcytic, and normocytic anemias - ANSWERS-classified by
size of RBC
macrolytic- MCV >100, includes pernicious and folic acid anemias, can be caused
by ETOH
microlytic- MCV <80, folic acid anemia
normolytic- MCV 80-100 (normal range), sickle cell is an example
Pathophysiology and clinical implications of pernicious anemia - ANSWERS-A
Vitamin B12 deficient leads to fewer RBCs- intrinsic factor is lacking- RBCs get big,
but not mature
Macrocytic
Typical at age 60 as 10 years of B12 is stored in body
Risk factors and CM of pernicious anemia - ANSWERS-Risk: vegan, gastrectomy,
atrophy of gastric mucosa r/t autoimmune disease
CM: beefy red tongue, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss,
neurological symptoms- parenthesis of hands/feet, loss of sense of position and
vibration
,Pathophysiology and clinical implications of folate deficient anemia - ANSWERS-
Folic acid is required for RBC synthesis, when lacking, cell continues to grow- but
not mature, will get large and be destroyed in the bone marrow
Monitor nutritional status of patients, elderly are easily malnourished
ETOH dependent may need supplementation
Risk factors and CM of folate deficient anemia - ANSWERS-Risk: malnourished,
alcoholic
CM: beefy red tongue, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss
Risk factors and CM of iron deficient anemia - ANSWERS-Risk: PUD, excessive
menstruation, occult GI bleed, inadequate dietary intake, Meds with GI bleed risk
CM: fatigue, hypoxia, SOB, pale tissues, glossitis, spoon shaped nails
Pathophysiology and clinical implications of iron deficient anemia - ANSWERS-
Microcytic
Iron is necessary for production of hgb. Iron stores are depleted and less hgb is
produced, results in small RBCs
Most common worldwide, usially from chronic blood loss or pregnancy, more
common in women
Risk factors and CM of anemia of chronic disease - ANSWERS-AIDS, RA, CKD,
chronic hepatitis, lupus
, 2nd most common, chronic disease leads to body's inability to use iron stores
Risk factors and CM of sickle cell anemia - ANSWERS-African descent,
Mediterranean, middle eastern, or Indian descent, familial history
Pain during crisis
Pathophysiology and clinical implications of sickle cell anemia - ANSWERS-Lack of
O2 causes hgb S molecules to transform to sickle shape, treat with 0.45% NaCl to
rehydrate cell and reverse shape change
Autosomal recessive- can carry trait or active form.
Define acute leukemia - ANSWERS-Rapid onset- aggressive accumulation of
immature cells, causes overproduction of leukocytes by the bone marrow, causes
overcrowding, prevents formation of normal blood cells
Chronic leukemia - ANSWERS-Gradual onset, cells appear normal but do not
function appropriately and accumulate
Lymphocytic leukemia - ANSWERS-Excessive production of lymphocytes
Myelogenous leukemia - ANSWERS-Excessive production of granulocytes
Multiple myeloma pathophysiology and CM - ANSWERS-Chromosomal
abnormality that leads to production of malignant plasma cells, cells secrete
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