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Chapter 13 Nutrition and Physical Activity Exam Questions and Answers
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Chapter 13 Nutrition and Physical Activity Exam Questions and Answers
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Chapter 13: Nutrition and PhysicalActivity Exam Questions and Answers
physical activity - Answers -any muscle movement that increases energy expenditure
leisure time physical activity - Answers -any activity unrelated to a person's occupation
e.g. giving, walking, biking
includes exercise - purposeful, planned, physical activity
physical fitness - Answers -state of being which is created by the interaction between
nutrition and physical activity
physical fitness includes: cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, flexibility,
body composition
cardiorespiratory fitness - Answers --determines how long you can continue a task,
whether it is climbing stairs, raking leaves, or running a race
-requires strength but also involves the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
musculoskeletal fitness - Answers --muscle strength and endurance enhance the ability
to perform tasks such as pushing or lifting
-increased by repeatedly using muscles in activities that require moving against a
resisting force
-strength training or resisting training (weight lifting)
flexibility - Answers --determines range of motion
-being flexible may reduce the risk of pulled muscles and tendons
body composition - Answers --exercise builds and maintains muscle
-individuals who are physically fit have a greater proportion of lean body tissue than
unfit individuals of the same body weight
overload principle - Answers -the more you do, the more you're capable of
what region in Canada has the most physically active population? least? - Answers -
most is BC
least is manitoba and maritimes
what diseases are strongly affected by physical inactivity - Answers -osteoporosis,
stroke, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, colon cancer, breast cancer, hypertension
, what gender is more physically inactive? - Answers -females
eating for exercise is an issue of: - Answers -fuel, hydration, nutrients
What is the fuel for physical activity? - Answers -ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answers --the energy carrying molecule in the body
-ATP must be generate continuously since muscles have only enough ATP for 1-3
seconds of activity
-ATP provides energy for all body processes
What do muscles do after depleting ATP stores? - Answers -they turn to other sources:
-Creatine phosphate (CR) stores some energy that can be used to make ATP
- Creatine phosphate stores enough energy for 3-15 seconds of maximal physical effort
(e.g. sprinting, jumping, for very brief periods of time)
During first 15s of exercise, what fuel is used? What happens after that? - Answers --
ATP in muscles is used for the first 1-3 s of activity
-then for the next 8-10s Phosphocreatine stores are used
-after the creatine phosphate stores have been used up, the lungs still haven't had
enough time to produce O2 so anaerobic metabolism must occur, this lasts for the first
2-3 min of exercise
-after his aerobic metabolism occurs
-both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism use carbohydrates to produce ATP
what is the primary carbohydrate used to generate ATP? - Answers -glucose
differences between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism - Answers --anaerobic only
occurs when there is no O2 present, and breaks pyretic acid into lactic acid and 2ATP
(thats why lactic acid builds up when you are doing sprints or something like that)
-aerobic acid occurs when O2 is present and occurs in a series of steps that include
CAC and ETC, this results in the production of 36ATP per one glucose (through
glycolysis, CAC, ETC)
-anaerobic metabolism is used for short term energy (2-3 min), aerobic is for long term
energy
when are fats (triglycerides) metabolized to generate ATP? - Answers --during low
intensity exercise
-for exercise of long duration
-triglycerides are a very abundant energy source, even in lean people
-they have a lot of energy, 9 cals/g, in comparison to 4cals/g in carbs
what determines fuel usage? - Answers --intensity: higher intensity, more CHO used
-duration: longer duration, more fat used
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