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NSG 120 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
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NSG 120 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
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NSG 120 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITHVERIFIED ANSWERS
Pathogenesis u- u✔✔The udevelopment uof uthe udisease uor uthe usequence uof uevents
uinvolved uin uthe utissue uchanges urelated uto uthe uspecific udisease uprocess.
Onset u- u✔✔sudden uOR uacute- uAn uacute udisease uindicates ua ushort-term uillness
uthat udevelops uquickly uwith umarked usigns usuch uas uhigh ufever uor usevere upain—for
uexample, uacute uappendicitis; uonset umay ube uinsidious, ubest udescribed uas ua
ugradual uprogression uwith uonly uvague uor uvery umild usigns.
Chronic u- u✔✔often ua umilder ucondition udeveloping ugradually, usuch uas urheumatoid
uarthritis, ubut uit upersists ufor ua ulong utime uand uusually ucauses umore upermanent
utissue udamage. uOften ua uchronic udisease uis umarked uby uintermittent uacute
uepisodes.
Subclinical u(stage/phase) u- u✔✔in uwhich upathologic uchanges uoccur ubut uthe upatient
uexhibits uno uobvious umanifestations, uperhaps ubecause uof uthe ugreat ureserve
ucapacity uof usome uorgans.
Latent ustage u- u✔✔"silent" ustage, uin uwhich uno uclinical usigns uare uevident,
ucharacterizes usome udiseases. uIn uinfectious udiseases uthis ustage umay ube ureferred
uto uas uthe uincubation uperiod, uwhich uis uthe utime ubetween uexposure uto uthe
umicroorganism uand uthe uonset uof usigns uor usymptoms; uit umay ulast ufor ua uday uor uso
uor umay ube uprolonged, uperhaps ufor udays uor uweeks.
Disease utransmission uof uan uinsect ubite u- u✔✔The uinjury uoccurs uwhen uthe uinsect
ueither ubites uor ustings uthe upatient. uVenom uis uinjected uinto uthe utissue, uresulting uin
uthe ubody's uresponse uto ua uforeign uprotein.
Rocky uMountain uSpotted uFever/Tick uBite udisease utransmission u- u✔✔The ucausative
uagent, uRickettsia urickettsii, uis utransmitted uby uthe uwood utick uand uis ucarried uin uthe
ufeces uof uinfected uticks. uIt uis uintroduced uinto uthe ubloodstream uof ua uperson uduring
ua uprolonged utick ubite.
Symptoms uof uRocky uMountain uSpotted uFever u- u✔✔Class utriad: uheadache, ufever,
umaculopapular urash u(bumps uand upetechial urash)
high ufever
Malaria/Mosquito ubite udisease utransmission u- u✔✔Malaria uis ucaused uby ufour
uspecies uof uthe uprotozoan ugenus uPlasmodium, uwhich uis utransmitted ufrom uinfected
,uhuman uto uhuman uby uthe ubite uof umosquito uvectors uor, uless ucommonly, uby ublood
utransfusion uor uIV udrug uuse.
Disease utransmission uof uanimal/human ubites u- u✔✔The ubite uoccurs uwhen uthe
uoffending uanimal uis uagitated, ufrightened, uthreatened, uor uangry. uBites ucan ube ufrom
udomestic uanimals, usuch uas ucats uand udogs; ufarm uanimals; uor uwild uanimals, usuch
uas uskunks, ubats, uraccoons, uand ufoxes. uHuman ubites uhave ubeen urecorded.
The upattern uof uthe uteeth umarks uis uhelpful uin udetermining uthe utype uof ubite, uhuman
uor uanimal, uand uthe utype uof uanimal uthat udid uthe ubiting uif unot uimmediately uknown.
Snake ubite udisease utransmission u- u✔✔Four ukinds uof upoisonous usnakes uare uknown
uto uinhabit uthe uUnited uStates: urattlesnakes, ucopperheads, uwater umoccasins, uand
ucoral usnakes.
Some ubites uare uthe uwork uof unonpoisonous usnakes, ubut uall usnakebites ushould ube
utreated uas upoisonous uby uthe ufirst uaid uprovider.
Cardinal uSigns uof uInflammation u- u✔✔The ucardinal usigns uof uinflammation uare
uredness u(rubor uor uerythema), uheat, uswelling, uand upain; usometimes uloss uof
ufunction
Diangostic ublood uchanges uthat umay uindicate uinflammation? u- u✔✔*Leukocytosis
u(increased uWBC)
*Differential ucount uof uWBC
*plasma uprotein u(increased uprothrombin uand ufibrinogen)
*CRP u(appears uwith uacute uinflammation uand unecrosis)
*increased uESR
*cell uenzymes upresent u(may uindicate unecrosis)
Treatment uof uinflammation u- u✔✔*Drugs u- uAspirin, uNSAIDS, uetc.
*RICE u(rest, uice, ucompression, uelevation)
*Compression ustockings
*Moderate uexercise
Opportunistic uinfection u- u✔✔Microbes uthat uare unot uusually upathogenic ubut ucan
ubecome upathogenic uwhen utransferred uinto uanother ulocation uof uthe ubody, uif uthe
ubalance uof uthe uspecies uis unot umaintained, uor uif uthe ubody's udefense uis uimpaired.
Stages uof uPressure uUlcers u- u✔✔Stage uI: uIntact uskin uwith unon-blanchable uredness
uof ua ulocalized uarea uusually uover ua ubony uprominence. uDarkly upigmented uskin umay
unot uhave uvisible ublanching; uits ucolor umay udiffer ufrom uthe usurrounding uarea.
Stage uII: uPartial uthickness uloss uof udermis upresenting uas ua ushallow uopen uulcer
uwith ua ured upink uwound ubed, uwithout uslough. uMay ualso upresent uas uan uintact uor
uopen/ uruptured userum-filled ublister.
, Stage uIII: uFull uthickness utissue uloss. uSubcutaneous ufat umay ube uvisible ubut ubone,
utendon uor umuscle uare unot uexposed. uSlough umay ube upresent ubut udoes unot
uobscure uthe udepth uof utissue uloss. uMay uinclude uundermining uand utunneling.
Stage uIV: uFull uthickness utissue uloss uwith uexposed ubone, utendon uor umuscle.
uSlough uor ueschar umay ube upresent uon usome uparts uof uthe uwound ubed. uOften
uinclude uundermining uand utunneling. uDeep uTissue uInjury uPurple uor umaroon
ulocalized uarea uof udiscolored uintact uskin uor ublood-filled ublister udue uto udamage uof
uunderlying usoft utissue ufrom upressure uand/or ushear. uThe uarea umay ube upreceded
uby utissue uthat uis upainful, ufirm, umushy, uboggy, uwarmer uor ucooler uas ucompared uto
uadjacent utissue.
Unstageable: uFull uthickness utissue uloss uin uwhich uthe ubase uof uthe uulcer uis ucovered
uby uslough u(yellow, utan, ugray, ugreen uor ubrown) uand/or ueschar u(tan, ubrown uor
ublack) uin uwound ubed
Glaucoma usigns u& usymptoms u(narrow uand uopen uangle) u- u✔✔One uof uthe umajor
ucauses uof ublindness.
Can uoccur uat uany uage ubut umost ucommon uin uthose uover u60.
Narrow uangle uGlaucoma: uoccurs uwhen uthe uangle ubetween uthe ucornea uand uthe uiris
uin uthe uanterior uchamber uis udecreased uby ufactors usuch uas uan uabnormal uanterior
uinsertion uof uthe uiris. uWith uaging, uthe ulens uenlarges, upushing uthe uiris umore
uforward uand uto uthe uside. uIncrease uin uintraocular upressureBlocks uaqueous ufluid.
Chronic uGlaucoma u(wide uangle): uMost ucommon uform uof uglaucoma uin u1-2% uof
upopulation. uTrabecular unetwork ubecomes uobstructed. uDamage uis uirreversible uand
ucauses ublindness
Retinopathy usigns u& usymptoms u(diabetic) u- u✔✔Pathologic ualteration uof uthe uretinal
ublood uvessels uaffecting uclarity uand usharpness uof uvision. uCharacterized uby
umicroaneurysm, uhemorrhages, udilation uof uretinal uveins, umacular uedema, uand uthe
uformation uof uabnormal unew uvessels u(neovascularization). uOccurs uafter uDM uonset.
Macular udegeneration usigns u& usymptoms u- u✔✔Progressive udeterioration uof uthe
umacula uof uthe uretina. uEarly uonset umay uinclude udistortion uof ucentral uvision.
uUsually upainless uand udoes unot uaffect uperipheral uvision. uMay ueventually ulose uall
ucentral uvision.
Otitis uMedia u- u✔✔inflammation uor uinfection uof uthe umiddle uear ucavity.
Exudate ubuilds uup uin uthe uear ucanal uand uputs upressure uon uthe utympanic
umembrane. uAsymptomatic ubut uthe upressure umay ucause upain uor uear uache urelated
uto upressure.
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