Characteristics of living things - correct answer -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - correct answer atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - correct answer on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - correct answer
Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way
to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - correct answer Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - correct answer smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or
liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - correct answer Nucleus in the center that contains protons
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell
that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - correct answer A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
, 2
What is a covalent bond? - correct answer Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - correct answer Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - correct answer Carbon and
hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - correct
answer Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - correct answer Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - correct answer Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - correct answer Glucose= monosaccharide that serves
as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - correct answer macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;
needed by the body for growth and repair
, 3
Lipid - correct answer Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
Nucleic acid - correct answer macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - correct answer All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - correct answer Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in
which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER - correct answer Makes lipids
Rough ER - correct answer That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - correct answer Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - correct answer Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - correct answer Stores food, enzymes and other material
, 4
Mitochondria - correct answer Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth,
development and movement
Nucleus - correct answer A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth
and reproduction
Cell wall - correct answer A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - correct answer Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the
same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - correct answer Water moves from areas of low solute
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - correct answer S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - correct answer Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction
without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - correct answer -The process in which the Sun's
energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
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