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NUR 325 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) WEEK 10 | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 325 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) WEEK 10 | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 325 Week 101. Diabetes mellitus
Answer
- Diabetes affect multiple systems in the body
- Diabetes involves
1. Abnormal insulin production (no insulin or very low insulin) and/or
2. Abnormal insulin utilization
Answer
insulin not being used (insulin resistance)
- Most common types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2
2. Diabetes social and environmental factors
Answer
- Income
lower SES
- Education
decreased access to education
- Employment & working conditions
- Food security
poor access to healthy foods
- Neighbourhood
,poorer neighbourhoods
3. Insulin
Answer
- Insulin is a hormone produced by the ²cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
- We need insulin to carry glucose from the blood vessels and into the cells for use
- Insulin is usually released continuously into the blood stream in small increments, but is
increasingly released when there's a rise in blood glucose when we take in energy for food
- The activity of released insulin lowers blood glucose and facilitates a stable, normal glucose
range of 4-6 mmol/L
4. Glucagon vs. insulin
Answer
- Glucagon secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas
- Insulin secreted by beta cells of the pancreas
5. Feedback mechanism between glucose and insulin
Answer
1. Increased blood glu- cose stimulates increased insulin secretion from the pancreas
2. As blood glucose levels decline, insulin secretion decreases
6. Rise and fall in insulin
Answer
- The rise in insulin after a meal stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle,
inhibits gluconeogenesis, enhances fat deposition in adipose tissue and increases protein
synthesis
- The fall in insulin level during normal overnight fasting facilitates the release of stored
glucose from the liver, protein from muscle, and fat from adipose tissue
7. Counter-regulatory hormones
, Answer
- Glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone & cortisol
- They increase levels of blood glucose by stimulating glucose production by the liver, and
decreasing the movement of glucose into cells
- The actions of insulin and the counter-regulatory hormones ensure that the glucose level is kept
within the normal range, including during eating, and during periods of fasting, for energy
- Need an appropriate level of glucose to manage the level of these 4 hormones
8. Normal endogenous insulin secretion
Answer
The panceas is always secreting insulin but levels spike during meals (b/c of increased glucose)
9. Action of insulin
Answer
- Insulin facilitates glucose transport from the bloodstream across the cell membrane into the
cell
- Release of insulin after a meal
1. Stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle
2. Inhibits gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose)
3. Enhances fat deposition in adipose tissue
4. Increases protein synthesis
10. Type 1 diabetes
Answer
- Most often occurs in people under 30 years of age (peak onset at age 12)
- Approximately 5-10% of Canadians with diabetes have type 1 diabetes
- Abrupt onset
- Etiology = genetic predisposition
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