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NUR 326 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 1, EXAM 2, EXAM 3 | WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NUR 326 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 1, EXAM 2, EXAM 3 | WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NUR 326 Exam 1, Exam 2, Exam 31. Nursing Process
Answer
ADPIE Assessment
Diagnosis (nursing) Planning Interventions
Evaluation of Outcomes
2. Acid/Base
Answer
3 questions
3. Discuss the pathophysiology of the four different types of acid-base imbal- ances
Answer
Metabolic Acidosis
Shock Lactic acidosis Ketoacidosis*
Excessive intake of acids ETOH, ASA*
Over elimination of HCO3 Diarrhea
Underproduction of HCO3 Kidney failure, impaired liver
4. Metabolic Acidosis Manifestations
Answer
pH < 7.35
Drowsiness, confusion, dizzy, HA, Coma “BP, Dysrhythmias
‘K+ “HCO3
Warm flushed dry skin N/V/D Abdominal pain Deep rapid respirations
5. Discuss the pathophysiology of the four different types of acid-base imbal- ances
Answer
Respiratory Acidosis
Resp. depression Inadequate chest expansion
Airway obstruction Pneumonia
COPD, emphysema Severe pneumonia Pulmonary edema Mechanical hypoventilation
,6. Resp. Acidosis Manifestations
Answer
pH < 7.35
Hypotension, Ventricular Fibrillation
Lethargy, Dizzy, Confusion , Coma, HA, Seizures Hypoventilation, Hypoxia
‘PCO2
Warm, flushed ,dry skin Possible ‘K+
7. Discuss the pathophysiology of the four different types of acid-base imbal- ances
Answer
Metabolic Alkalosis
Antacids* Blood transfusion
Sodium bicarbonate* TPN
Prolonged vomiting* NGT suctioning* Thiazide diuretics*
8. Metabolic Alkalosis Manifestations
Answer
pH > 7.45
Confusion, HA, Seizures, Paresthesias Muscle cramping and twitching Weakness
Tachycardia, Dysrhythmias Hypoventilation
N/V, anorexia Hypokalemia
9. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd spacing
Answer
normal
can still be pulled back in cannot be reversed
10. Discuss the pathophysiology of the four different types of acid-base imbal- ances
Answer
Respiratory Alkalosis
,Hyperventilation* Fear, anxiety,
High altitudes Shock
Early-stage pulmonary problems
11. Respiratory Alkalosis Manifestations
Answer
pH > 7.45
Dizzy, confusion, HA Tachycardia, dysrhythmias N/V/ Epigastric pain
Tetany, Paresthesias, Seizures Hyperventilation
12. Prioritize interventions for patients who have acid-base imbalances
Answer
Pre- vent risk factors of health conditions and situations that can cause acid-base imbalances. A
few examples include
Healthy eating habits Safe weight loss
Smoking prevention or cessation Poison control measures
Safe food handling
treat underlying cause of imbalances supportive care (Ox, vent, dialysis, IV fluids) Monitor VS,
electrolytes, kidney fct, and LOC Continuous cardiac monitoring
13. Regulation of Acid-Base
Answer
buffers respiratory system
renal system
Buffers more effective in acid excess
14. Heart Failure
Answer
6 questions
15. Left-sided HF
Answer
Left-sided HF (most common) from left ventricular dysfunction (e.g., MI hypertension, CAD,
cardiomyopathy)
16. Left Symptoms
, Answer
Symptoms are due to blood backing up
Answer
Backup of blood into the left atrium and pulmonary veins Pulmonary congestion
Pulmonary edema
cyanosis, slow cap refill, SOB
^HR, ^RR, ^BP, low ox, ^metabolism
can lead to renal failure excess fluid
will enlarge liver
17. Right-sided HF
Answer
Right-sided HF from left-sided HF, cor pulmonale, Backup of blood into the right atrium and
venous systemic circulation
18. Right symptoms
Answer
Symptoms
Answer
Jugular venous distention Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly Vascular congestion of GI tract
Peripheral edema
19. Relate the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with HF to the clinical manifestations
and complications
Answer
Fatigue
Dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Persistent, dry cough, unrelieved with position change or over-the-counter cough suppressants
Tachycardia
Restlessness, confusion, decreased memory Chest pain (angina)
Atrial fibrillation (most common dysrhythmia)
Dependent edema
Answer
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